Tool for tracking research vessels in the Arctic is now live for the 2024 field season - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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GOMO News
Tool for tracking research vessels in the Arctic is now live for the 2024 field season
Allison Lepp
April 22, 2024
Arctic Research Program
,
Monitoring Platforms
,
News
An ROV is deployed off the back of USCGC Healy.
Credit: NOAA OER.
Each year, research vessels venture into Alaska and Arctic waters to collect samples, deploy and recover moorings, conduct fisheries surveys, and more. In advance of the 2024 field season, the Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee (
IARPC
) is pleased to announce the launch of this year’s
Planned Research Vessel Movements
webpage. This community resource aims to enhance coordination between Arctic researchers and to promote transparency and provide communication pathways between local and Indigenous communities and Arctic researchers. This tool will be updated periodically throughout the year; please
join the mailing list
if you’d like to receive alerts when cruise information is updated.
The planned vessel movements tool was compiled by NOAA
Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program
(GOMO) Knauss Fellow Allison Lepp with support from IARPC Collaborations Engagement Director Liz Weinberg and the IARPC
Field Operations Community of Practice
co-leads David Allen (NOAA-GOMO), Katy Smith (NSF), and Renee Crain (NSF). Entries were provided from research cruise coordinators in various federal agencies and other non-federal partners.
Join us for the Pre-field Season Meeting: April 24th, 9-11a AKT / 1-3p ET
On April 24, 2024 from 9-11a AKT / 1-3p ET, please join IARPC for a
Pre-Field Season Meeting
, where researchers will present on their upcoming field plans and sampling objectives. An open discussion will follow presentations. This meeting is open to anyone with interest in Arctic marine research, including federal and non-federal partners, local and Indigenous coastal communities, and other rights holders and stakeholders.
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Augmented Seasonal Ice Mass Balance Buoys - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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GOMO-Funded Project
Program:
Arctic Research
,
Sea Ice
Category / Categories:
Marine Biology & Ecosystems
,
Regional Research
,
Technology & Development
Augmented Seasonal Ice Mass Balance Buoys
Seasonal Ice Mass Balance Buoy. Image Credit: Matt Shupe, NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory
Principal Investigator(s):
Don Perovich
Renee Y. Brown
Project Institution(s):
Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth
Fiscal Year:
2024
Award Period:
10/01/2023 - 09/30/2024
This project received funding from the following:
Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act)
Seasonal Ice Mass Balance buoys (SIMB) observe changes in the mass balance of sea ice using autonomous buoy data collection. Data from these buoys provide a time series on snow accumulation, ice growth and melt, internal ice temperature fields, position, barometric pressure, and temporally averaged estimates of ocean heat flux. The primary goal of this work is to continue to contribute to the design and establishment of an effective Arctic Observing Network (AON) by deploying more buoys for the SIMB Network. Specifically, this project will deploy two new SIMB buoys each year with additional sensors that can measure the spatial variability of snow depth, upper ocean salinity, and transmitted solar radiation.
Milestones
Year 1:
Two SIMB buoys were acquired, following the project’s pattern of obtaining two buoys per year, with one SIMB enhanced by an additional sensor package. Deployment sites for these buoys were chosen in collaboration with members of the sea ice modeling community.
Year 2:
Deployments in two undersampled areas have been arranged along the Transpolar Drift Current and “Last Ice” area. This work will be performed in collaboration with the Alfred Wegener Institute.
Project Gallery
Seasonal Ice Mass Balance Buoy, Image Credit: Donald Perovich, Darthmouth University
SnoTATOS schematic. Image Credit: Donald Perovich, Dartmouth University
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NOAA research cruise supports key tropical Atlantic observing system - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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NOAA research cruise supports key tropical Atlantic observing system
Melissa Hiatt
August 13, 2024
Climate Monitoring
,
Monitoring Platforms
,
News
,
Partnerships
This is a repost of NOAA AOML’s
original story
published August 6, 2024
There and back again: NOAA Ship
Gordon Gunter
journeyed away from Pascagoula, Mississippi for 90+ days and 12,700+ nautical miles to conduct the PIRATA Northeast Extension cruise.
A NOAA ship that traditionally sails in the Gulf of Mexico embarked on a 90+ day journey into international waters and successfully completed its mission in support of a key tropical Atlantic observing system.
The science team aboard Leg 3 of the 2024 PIRATA Northeast Extension cruise.
(left to right) Back row: Christopher Garcia (CIMAS), Dennis McGillicuddy (WHOI), Grant Rawson (NOAA AOML), Philip Tuchen (NRC, now CIMAS). Front row: Denise Kester (CICOES), Korey Martin (CICOES), Renellys C. Perez (Chief Scientist, NOAA AOML)
A few of the researchers from Leg 2 of the PIRATA Northeast Extension cruise.
(left to right) Denise Kester (NOAA/PMEL & UW-CICOES); Ruby Burgess (grad student from University of Wisconsin-Madison working with AEROSE project); Jim Schloemer (NOAA/PMEL  & UW-CICOES) ; Tara Clemente (NOAA/PMEL & UW-CICOE)
Crew and officers of
NOAA Ship
Gordon Gunter
set sail from Pascagoula, Mississippi, on January 22, 2024, and returned to the same location over three months later after traveling more than 12,700 nautical miles. During parts of the long voyage, NOAA researchers, academic partners, and students joined them to service moorings in the tropical Atlantic for the Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA) project and collect oceanographic and atmospheric samples in support of the
PIRATA Northeast Extension
.
PIRATA is a collaborative project between Brazil, France, and the United States to study and improve the predictability of air-sea interactions in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Air-sea interactions, such as heat exchange between the ocean and atmosphere, exert changes in weather and climate. Measuring and observing how these interactions function improves our understanding and predictive capabilities of extreme weather and climate variations. PIRATA Northeast Extension is a joint project between NOAA’s Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (
AOML
) and NOAA’s Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (
PMEL
) that expands the PIRATA array of moored buoys into the northern and northeastern sectors of the tropical Atlantic Ocean. It is important for PIRATA scientists to collect measurements in this part of the ocean because this is the main development region for Atlantic hurricanes.
Due to the global class
NOAA Ship
Ronald H. Brown
undergoing maintenance this year, the cruise took place aboard
NOAA Ship
Gordon Gunter
(a capable but smaller NOAA fisheries vessel) and was split into four legs. Legs 1 and 4 were transits and provided open ocean training opportunities for NOAA officers and crews, while legs 2 and 3 had researchers onboard from AOML, PMEL, NOAA’s National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (
NESDIS
), and University and Cooperative Institute partners.
Cruise tracks for each leg of the multi-leg PIRATA Northeast Extension cruise aboard NOAA Ship Gordon Gunter.
NOAA Ship Gordon Gunter before departing for Leg 3 of the cruise.
During legs 2 and 3, the science team completed the recovery and redeployment of four PIRATA Northeast Extension moorings and one additional PIRATA mooring that is typically serviced by our partners in Brazil. During the early stages of Leg 2, the ship diverted to the south to serendipitously recover another buoy that had gone adrift. Moorings are recovered onto the ship for data to be collected, meteorological and oceanographic sensors refreshed with new instruments and batteries, and the surface buoy cleaned before being redeployed to continue collecting data. Biological growth is common on the upper ~80 meters of moorings after being in the ocean for ~1 year. The surface float and sensors often have Saharan dust on them and sometimes are damaged or missing due to their interactions with the elements (winds and waves) or fishing vessels. One PIRATA mooring located within the Atlantic oxygen minimum zone was augmented with 15 additional current meter sensors (normally there is only one current meter at 12 meters depth). These sensors measure ocean currents in the upper 100 meters of the water column as part of the Tropical Atlantic Current Observations Study (
TACOS
). TACOS is focused on advancing the understanding of ocean circulation and mixing and their impact on sea surface temperatures and air-sea interactions.
A PIRATA Northeast Extension mooring is recovered onto the deck of NOAA Ship Gordon Gunter.
The team also conducted 59 CTD (Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth)
casts and 22 expendable CTD casts that collected data from the ocean’s surface to about a mile deep. The
CTD rosette
was augmented by total dissolved oxygen and Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers to provide a more detailed view of the water column by detecting how salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and velocity change relative to depth. When weather conditions were suboptimal or time did not permit, expendable CTD casts were collected. An expendable CTD is like an expendable bathythermograph (
XBT
) but has an added conductivity sensor. Expendable CTD profiles measure temperature and salinity from the surface to depths of more than a half mile.
Chief Scientist, Renellys Perez, deploys an expendable CTD (XCTD) as part of an expendable CTD cast.
A CTD sits on the deck of the NOAA Ship Gordon Gunter while waiting for deployment.
Scientists and crew deployed five vertical profiling floats, including two
Core Argo
floats, one
Biogeochemical Argo
float, and two
ALAMO floats
, and five
surface drifting buoys
at various locations to collect profiles of ocean temperature, salinity, and depth. These ocean observing instruments deployed throughout the global ocean have improved weather forecasts and advanced our knowledge of climate fluctuations.
PIRATA Cruises are a Platform for Collaborative Research and Pilot Studies
A weather balloon is launched from NOAA Ship Gordon Gunter. Image Credit: Jim Schloemer (NOAA PMEL)
The annual PIRATA Northeast Extension cruise serves as a platform for collaborative research projects to take place concurrently with the main cruise operations. Researchers from NOAA’s NESDIS, University of Wisconsin, Arizona State University, and University of Maryland Baltimore collected aerosol measurements throughout leg 2, performed approximately six radiosonde launches in coordination with satellite overpasses, and collected Saharan dust samples from the moorings, in support of the
Aerosols and Oceanographic Science Expeditions project
. This project’s goal is to gain an understanding of the weather and climate impacts of long-range transport of mineral dust and smoke aerosols over the tropical Atlantic.
Scientists from
Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution collected 84 nutrient samples and 94
Sargassum
samples from the Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt to study the environmental conditions that affect
Sargassum
growth, its species diversity, and how its spatial distribution and abundance change from month to month and year to year. This is the sixth PNE cruise where some form of
Sargassum-
related research was conducted, although the research partners have changed over time.
Dennis McGillicuddy (WHOI) collects Sargassum samples from the Great Sargassum Belt.
The annual PIRATA Northeast Extension cruise allows for academic and international collaboration to advance the understanding of the ocean and to work towards improved prediction of weather and climate variability. Although this year’s cruise looked a little different, NOAA Ship
Gordon Gunter
researchers and the crew facilitated a successful science mission. This PNE cruise is funded by
NOAA Marine and Aviation Operations
and
NOAA’s Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program
, with personnel support from
NOAA’s AOML
,
NOAA’s PMEL
, and University and Cooperative Institute partners.
Meet Ms. Denise Kester, Chief Scientist for Leg 2 of the cruise
Denise Kester is a mooring instrumentation technician at NOAA’s PMEL. With a background in Marine Science, Denise has gained over 14 years of experience supporting oceanographic research aboard research cruises all over the world. She currently works with the Global Tropical Moored Buoy Program at PMEL and regularly leads moored buoy operations in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Denise is also an avid swimmer and enjoys films. She swims year-round with a group in the frigid waters of Puget Sound.
Meet Dr. Renellys Perez, Chief Scientist for Leg 3 of the cruise
Dr. Perez is an oceanographer at NOAA’s AOML. She was the Principal Investigator for the PNE project from 2017-2021 and is now the Co-Principal Investigator for the project. Renellys has served as the Co-Chief Scientist or Chief Scientist on five PIRATA Northeast Extension cruises, including this one. She also designed the TACOS project, which adds additional sensors to PIRATA moorings to advance the understanding of ocean circulation and mixing and their impact on sea surface temperatures and air-sea interactions.
“Thanks to the hard work and dedication of the entire team, including the crew, technicians, engineers, scientists, officers, and students, NOAA was able to collect meaningful oceanographic and atmospheric observations in the tropical Atlantic ocean environment and refresh moored instrumentation in support of a key long-term observing system,” said Renellys Perez.
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Meet our 2025 Knauss Fellow, Mary Beth Armstrong
March 3, 2025
NOAA Research Releases First-of-its-Kind Ocean Carbon Observing Science Plan
January 16, 2025
From vision to action: New NOAA strategic framework sets path for more resilient Arctic
January 14, 2025
Celebrating 25 years of Argo, the ‘crown jewel’ of ocean observing systems
December 13, 2024
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Data management services to streamline data archival and improve FAIR compliance - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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GOMO-Funded Project
Program:
Arctic Research
Category / Categories:
Data Management & Analytics
,
Regional Research
Data management services to streamline data archival and improve FAIR compliance
Image Credit: NOAA Fisheries West Coast
Principal Investigator(s):
Kevin O'Brien
Florence Fetterer
Eugene Burger
Ann Windnagel
Project Institution(s):
CICOES, PMEL, NSIDC
Fiscal Year:
2024
Award Period:
09/01/2024 - 08/31/2027
This project received funding from the following:
Inflation Reduction Act
This project’s primary objective is to develop a new management system that will streamline data submission for all Arctic Research Program (ARP) primary investigators, while also ensuring FAIR compliance, ease of use and preservation of data collected. This project will engage in critical outreach to investigators to identify relevant data and metadata for submission. We will also work with partners to help curate metadata for selected ARP data to ensure it is FAIR compliant, meets ISO standards and clearly identifies the GOMO ARP as the funding entity. Ultimately, this project will reduce data fragmentation and ensure that users can find, access and understand the data they need.
Project Goals
Develop a pilot data submission system for GOMO ARP PIs/Groups to submit data:
This development will include a user-friendly submission dashboard that will provide GOMO ARP PIs with a single location to which they can submit their data.
Enhance, in cooperation with NSIDC, a metadata tool to capture complete metadata for datasets being submitted:
The metadata tool, or editor, will be integrated with the submission dashboard and support full manual entry of metadata. To ensure a seamless inclusion of metadata with the data submission, the editor will support uploads of metadata from uniformly structured csv or excel files.
Develop an automated archive workflow in close collaboration with NCEI to ensure that data submitted through the submissions system are efficiently archived:
As part of the archive process, each submission will receive a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) as needed to ensure that data is citable.
Develop a pipeline to integrate submitted datasets into ERDDAP services for dissemination:
We will develop tutorials which show how both users can use the ERDDAP UI to access data, but also, and more usefully, demonstrate how one can access ERDDAP data through the use of shared Jupyter notebooks and other programmatic resources (Python scripts, etc)
Develop a set of instructional material which will provide information on how to find and access the GOMO ARP data through the ERDDAP services:
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Travel Support for Alaskan Indigenous Delegation to the 2nd Cross-Pacific Indigenous Exchange - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Program:
Arctic Research
Category / Categories:
Capacity Building
,
Regional Research
Travel Support for Alaskan Indigenous Delegation to the 2nd Cross-Pacific Indigenous Exchange
Image Credit: Crew and Officers of NOAA Ship Fairweather
Principal Investigator(s):
Carolina Behe
Project Institution(s):
Office of National Marine Sanctuaries
Fiscal Year:
2024
Award Period:
10/01/2024 - 09/30/2025
NOAA’s Office of National Marine Sanctuaries (ONMS) facilitated the second Cross-Pacific Indigenous Exchange, held in Monterey and Seaside, California, on April 8 -10, 2024. The Exchange hosted 36 Indigenous leaders and representatives from Alaska, Hawai’i, American Samoa, Saipan, California, and Maryland. The financial support provided by OAR covered the cost of travel of the Tribal President and the Director of the Office of Justice and Governance Administration for the Aleut Community of St. Paul.
Project Gallery
Participants attending the first Cross-Pacific Indigenous Exchange in Neah Bay, Washington, hosted by the Makah Tribe
Attendees of the first Cross-Pacific Indigenous Exchange aboard the Windsong.
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Biden-Harris Administration invests $2.7 million to improve ocean observations with new robotic floats through Investing in America agenda - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Biden-Harris Administration invests $2.7 million to improve ocean observations with new robotic floats through Investing in America agenda
Jessica Mkitarian
April 10, 2024
News
,
Press Release
Funding will support expansion of the Argo ocean observing system
This is a repost of a
NOAA.gov press release
published April 10, 2024.
Today, NOAA and the Department of Commerce announced that $2.7 million from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL) will be used to replenish and expand an important array of robotic floats in the Argo program that measure ocean and climate data as part of President Biden’s Investing in America agenda.
The Argo array is made up of a fleet of robotic instruments that measure temperature and salinity in the global ocean, drifting freely with the currents. Every 10 days, an Argo float dives 1.2 miles below the surface to collect data, which it then transmits via satellite after it returns to the surface for use in weather forecasts and climate research.
“For 25 years, the Argo Program has provided more ocean data than any other observing instrument, helping NOAA revolutionize our understanding of the ocean and its role in Earth’s climate,” said U.S. Secretary of Commerce Gina Raimondo. “This investment, made possible thanks to President Biden’s Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, will enable the U.S. to maintain our position as the world leader in ocean research. The new robotic floats will expand out assessments of ocean conditions, measurements and sea level rise as we continue to tackle the impacts of climate change.”
This funding will support the development of “OneArgo,” a new and improved design for the instrument array, including floats that can measure biogeochemical conditions in two key regions that are ecologically and economically important to the U.S. — the Gulf of Mexico and the California Current Ecosystem. The funding will also support efforts to increase our knowledge of the Arctic and the Tropical Pacific Ocean, where data collection has been sparse.
“OneArgo exemplifies the type of services that NOAA provides to help improve climate science and resilience,” said NOAA Administrator Rick Spinrad, Ph.D. “The pursuit of autonomous technology to fill critical observing gaps and provide essential data and tools for society will only become more important as we move into the future.”
The Argo program includes 26 countries. The data from the Argo array plays a major role in ocean and climate assessments, such as assessments by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. When OneArgo is fully implemented, it will benefit fisheries modeling and management, sea level rise predictions, advanced seasonal weather forecasting and the emerging industry associated with marine carbon dioxide removal.
Argo currently includes 4,000 floats and ultimately aims to add 700 more to the array.
The original Argo array was deployed in 1999 and consisted of floats measuring temperature and salinity. In recent years, scientists and engineers developed new capabilities and new types of floats:
Deep Argo
floats that extend the robots’ range up to 3.7 miles below the surface, and
biogeochemical Argo
floats that measure oxygen, carbon pH and other conditions that are critical for addressing environmental issues like low oxygen levels and ocean acidification.
Most floats last for 4-5 years on battery power. The new funding will add 40 more Argo floats, 7 more Deep Argo floats and 6 biogeochemical floats to the mix. Funding will also support the development of key data management infrastructure for the array. NOAA and the National Science Foundation support U.S. Argo investments and activities.
Visit NOAA’s
Bipartisan Infrastructure Law website
to learn about current and future funding opportunities.
Media contact: Alison Gillespie,
alison.gillespie@noaa.gov
, (202) 713-6644
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Biden-Harris Administration, NOAA invest $1.8 million to expand critical ice and ocean observations in the Arctic - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Biden-Harris Administration, NOAA invest $1.8 million to expand critical ice and ocean observations in the Arctic
Allison Lepp
October 1, 2024
Arctic Research Program
,
News
,
Ocean Climate Observation
,
Press Release
Expanded infrastructure could ‘revolutionize’ research in the Bering, Chukchi and Beaufort Seas
.
This is a repost of a
NOAA.gov press release
published October 1, 2024.
Today, the Department of Commerce and NOAA announced a $1.8 million award to support the development, procurement and deployment of innovative ocean monitoring technologies in NOAA’s
Arctic Research Program
. These technological advances will lead to an improved understanding of the changing sea ice and ocean conditions in the Arctic marine environment. These funds are made possible by the Biden-Harris Administration’s
Bipartisan Infrastructure Law
, as part of President Biden’s Investing in America agenda.
“This award will improve NOAA’s access to climate information in the Arctic, helping us better understand and address the impacts of climate change in the region,” said U.S. Secretary of Commerce Gina Raimondo. “This investment, made possible thanks to the Investing in America agenda, demonstrates the Biden-Harris Administration’s commitment to national scientific research, development, and discovery, which are vital to the livelihoods and the economic wellbeing of communities in the Arctic and across the globe.”
According to the 2023 NOAA Arctic Report Card,
sea ice thickness and extent continue to decline
, and
sea surface temperatures show warming trends
in nearly all regions of the Arctic Ocean. The impact of these trends on marine ecosystems, and on the broader global ocean and climate system, is still uncertain. Novel approaches and technologies are needed to fill knowledge gaps and bolster the existing fleet of Arctic monitoring systems.
“The rate of climate change in the Arctic is outpacing everywhere else on the planet,” said NOAA Administrator Rick Spinrad, Ph.D. “With these BIL funds, we will expand our observational capabilities in the Arctic, in alignment with
NOAA’s Arctic Strategy & Vision
to strengthen foundational science and to detect Arctic climate and ecosystem changes.”
An adult female ribbon seal (Histriophoca fasciata) looks around among ice floes in the Bering Sea. Credit: NOAA Fisheries/Josh M London
.
NOAA’s
Arctic Research Program
, which is housed within the
Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program (GOMO)
, will collaborate with academic partners, NOAA cooperative institutes and the Navy’s
Office of Naval Research
to enhance and increase existing technologies that monitor sea ice and ocean conditions in the Arctic.
These BIL funds will support the following research initiatives:
Expansion and enhancement of the Argo float array into the Arctic ($1.2 million)
: These funds will add floats and enhance Argo monitoring capabilities and advance existing Argo technology to detect and avoid sea-ice, reducing the potential for instrument damage.  The work will be carried out at the
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
, in collaboration with the
Office of Naval Research
.
Added sensors to improve understanding of sea ice change ($296,000)
: To understand what is driving changes and the rate of change in Arctic sea-ice thickness and its role in the climate system, this award to
Dartmouth College
will be used to increase the capability and number of seasonal ice mass balance buoys deployed in the region.
Innovative ocean observing infrastructure in the Northern Bering and Chukchi Seas ($315,000):
NOAA will invest in two ice-responsive monitoring systems. This effort, part of the Ecosystems and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations (
EcoFOCI
) research program,  is a joint research program between the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory and GOMO’s Arctic Research Program.
“The Arctic Research Program is excited to leverage these BIL funds to support our researchers and enable them to do what they do best: Collect invaluable observational data to advance our understanding of an evolving Arctic,” said Sandy Lucas, Ph.D., director of NOAA’s GOMO Arctic Research Program (ARP). “These funds provide a unique opportunity for ARP to work with diverse partners, like the Office of Naval Research, and to test new technologies that could revolutionize our in-situ ocean and sea-ice observing capabilities in the Bering, Chukchi and Beaufort Seas.”
Visit the
Bipartisan Infrastructure Law
website to learn about current and future funding opportunities.
Media contact: Alison Gillespie,
alison.gillespie@noaa.gov
, (202) 713-6644
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December 13, 2024
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Arctic Research Archives - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Data management services to streamline data archival and improve FAIR compliance
Principal Investigator(s):
Kevin O'Brien
Florence Fetterer
Eugene Burger
Ann Windnagel
Fiscal Year:
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View Project
Augmented Seasonal Ice Mass Balance Buoys
Principal Investigator(s):
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Renee Y. Brown
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Travel Support for Alaskan Indigenous Delegation to the 2nd Cross-Pacific Indigenous Exchange
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Co-designing a short-term sea ice prediction tool for Alaska’s coasts through advancing sea ice modeling and iterative research engagement
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John McClure
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Enabling Discovery for Climate Resilience: A Registry of Polar Observing Networks
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New Education Resource: “Keeping An Eye On Earth’s Oceans With Argo Robots” - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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New Education Resource: “Keeping An Eye On Earth’s Oceans With Argo Robots”
Jessica Gwinn
October 17, 2023
Education & Outreach
,
News
GOMO-funded tech highlighted in
Frontiers for Young Minds
A new article was released in the Earth Sciences section of the journal
Frontiers for Young Minds
. “
Keeping An Eye On Earth’s Oceans With Argo Robots
,” describes the technology, applications, and developments of
Argo floats
, a major component of the
Global Ocean Observing System
, and provides a kid-friendly introduction to topics like ocean observing and climate change. The article features colorful diagrams and infographics that illustrate Argo float anatomy and explain how Argo data are used to inform ocean and climate forecasting, adaptation, policy and management. Students are also invited to track their own float with the
Adopt a Float
program, a free educational program allowing classes to explore the ocean by following the progress of their float and accessing its data, or to learn more through resources like the
Argo Online School
and
Ocean Observers
platform.
Drawing showing the main components of an Argo robot (Image credit: © Thomas Haessig for Frontiers for Young Minds).
Diagram showing (A) an Argo float profile pattern, (B) how Argo data is stored and used by scientists and forecasters, and (C) various applications of Argo data to improve our daily lives (Figure credit: © Thomas Haessig for Frontiers for Young Minds).
Frontiers for Young Minds
is an award-winning, open-access academic journal launched in 2013. “Edited by kids for kids,” the journal showcases articles written by established scientists from a variety of STEM fields and provides opportunities for young scientists aged 8 to 15 years old to participate in the publishing process. Since its inception,
Frontiers for Young Minds
has engaged 7,380 young reviewers and 670 mentors, and hosted articles from 3,780 authors covering eight thematic sections, delivering age-appropriate and accessible research to students around the globe.
The Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) and Argo Program are supported by NOAA’s
Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program
(GOMO). GOMO Program Manager Emily Smith, who oversees the U.S. Argo Program and has spent several years coordinating NOAA’s
Adopt a Drifter Program
, served as a co-author on the new
Frontiers for Young Minds
article. Before coming to NOAA, Emily taught middle school science and remains passionate about engaging young people in ocean science and education. Beginning in September 2023, Emily went on detail with
IOC-UNESCO
in Paris, France to work with GOOS on a variety of projects including Dialogues with Industry as well as supporting the Caribbean and Pacific Islands GOOS Regional Alliances.
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From Mississippi to Australia: 3 Research Cruises Depart to Improve Understanding of the Atlantic and Southern Ocean - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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From Mississippi to Australia: 3 Research Cruises Depart to Improve Understanding of the Atlantic and Southern Ocean
Jessica Mkitarian
February 16, 2024
News
This is a repost of
NOAA AOML’s original story
published February 13, 2024.
Scientists at NOAA’s Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (
AOML
) are gearing up for a busy season at sea with three research cruises departing in the month of February. The A13.5 Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigations Program (
GO-SHIP
) cruise, the I08S GO-SHIP cruise, and the Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic
(PIRATA) Northeast Extension
cruise will all depart in February to collect samples from the surface to the depths of the ocean and improve our understanding of ocean circulation, carbon uptake, biological conditions, and climate variability.
GO-SHIP
As part of an international effort, scientists at AOML are participating in two cruises under GO-SHIP aimed at answering crucial questions in marine biogeochemistry on a global scale. From assessing how the deep ocean’s global uptake of carbon fluctuates to measuring the difference in key oceanic parameters over thousands of meters, these cruises play an essential role in understanding how the global ocean will be impacted by climate change and rising carbon emissions. Every decade, these cruises are completed along a set of
designated transect lines
collectively covering every ocean, and this week, two are set to begin:
A13.5
and
I08S
.
Exploring the South Atlantic Ocean along A13.5
The anticipated track for the GO-SHIP A13.5 cruise. Image Credit: Google Earth
The A13.5 GO-SHIP cruise departed Mindelo, Cape Verde off the western coast of Africa on February 1st aboard the
R/V
Marcus G. Langseth
to gather measurements of heat, freshwater, carbon, oxygen, and nutrients from the ocean’s surface to the seafloor as they travel along the 0E meridional line in the South Atlantic Ocean. AOML’s
Ocean Carbon Cycle (OCC
) group is among a team of scientists from 20 institutions embarking on this cruise track with the goal of understanding long-term trends in the health and functioning of our oceans. Upon the ship’s return, AOML scientists within the
‘Omics
lab will also analyze
Environmental DNA
(eDNA) samples collected during the cruise as part of the more recently established
Bio-GO-SHIP
effort to assess the biogeochemical role of planktonic communities in the ocean.
The cruise is expected to end in Cape Town, South Africa in March after over 50 days at sea. This cruise is funded by
NOAA’s Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program
(GOMO),
NOAA’s Office of Marine and Aviation Operations
(OMAO), NOAA’s AOML,
NOAA’s Pacific Marine and Environmental Laboratory
(PMEL), and the National Science Foundation’s division of
Ocean Sciences
.
Sampling the Changing Southern Ocean along I08S
The I08S GO-SHIP cruise will sample the Southeast Indian sector of the Southern Ocean and is planned to depart Fremantle, Australia aboard the
R/V
Thomas Thompson
on February 21. With members of AOML’s Ocean Carbon Cycle group aboard, the expedition will last approximately six weeks and will return to Fremantle in early April. This is only the fourth hydrographic cruise along this line in the Southern Ocean with previous cruises occurring in 1994, 2007, and 2016. Scientists at AOML within the ‘Omics group will also contribute to the sampling of eDNA along this track. This cruise is funded by the
National Science Foundation
and NOAA’s
GOMO
.
The anticipated cruise track for the GO-SHIP I08S cruise.
Data gathered on these two GO-SHIP cruises will address critical questions regarding changes to ocean circulation and the ocean’s uptake of human-released carbon dioxide. Scientists will investigate how the warming of our ocean impacts the movement of ocean water across the entire planet and influences our climate.
The crew and scientists will collect water samples across thousands of meters using a CTD (
Conductivity, Temperature, Depth
) rosette to measure parameters such as carbon, nutrients, oxygen and
several other key biological elements
. Data collected from these cruises will help track the changes in large-scale ocean water property distributions, as well as the drivers of those changes, and will help address questions about how a future ocean will increase in dissolved inorganic carbon, become more acidified and more stratified, and experience changes in circulation and ventilation processes due to global warming and an altered water cycle.
Biological samples will be collected for the first time on these cruises and will allow scientists to start evaluating biological changes in the South Atlantic Ocean and the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean and increase our general understanding of the diverse life in these waters. In addition to collecting water samples, scientists aboard the two GO-SHIP cruises will deploy
Argo floats
, including floats capable of measuring biogeochemistry and the deep ocean, and drifters as a part of
NOAA’s Global Drifter Program
.
The cruises will bring together researchers from different institutions and countries to take measurements of the highest accuracy, test new instrumentation, and work towards improving our understanding and modeling of the ocean environment.
PIRATA Northeast Extension
The PIRATA Northeast Extension cruise will travel to the tropical Atlantic to service moorings and collect oceanographic and atmospheric samples. This cruise will be split into 5 legs aboard the
NOAA Ship
Gordon Gunter
and will be at sea for over 100 days. The first leg departed on January 23, 2024 from Pascagoula, Mississippi and arrived in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The ship departed on its second leg on February 4th with researchers from NOAA’s PMEL,
NOAA’s National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service
(NESDIS), and University and Cooperative Institute partners. The third leg will depart from Las Palmas, Spain on March 4th with researchers from NOAA’s AOML, NOAA’s PMEL, and partners.
Planned cruise track for the multi-leg PIRATA Northeast Extension cruise on the NOAA Gordon Gunter. Blue stars are the PIRATA Northeast Extension moorings, red squares are the PIRATA backbone moorings, and green circles are the PIRATA Southwest Extension moorings. The different colors represent different legs of the cruise (Leg 2 = blue, Leg 3 = green,  Leg 4 = orange, Leg 1 and 5 = red).
The crew and scientists will recover and redeploy 4-5 key moorings that measure subsurface ocean temperature, salinity, velocity, and atmospheric variables like wind direction and speed, air temperature, humidity, solar radiation, and rainfall. One of the moorings has been augmented with 15 current meters to measure ocean currents in the upper 100 meters of the water column, as part of the
Tropical Atlantic Current Observations Study (TACOS)
, and a new mooring will be instrumented with 15 current meters during this cruise.
A PIRATA buoy next to the NOAA Ron Brown Ship. Credit: NOAA AOML
PIRATA is a nearly 30 year old collaborative effort between Brazil, France, and the United States to study and improve the predictability of ocean-atmosphere interactions in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. PIRATA Northeast Extension is a joint project between NOAA’s AOML and NOAA’s PMEL that expanded the array of moored buoys into the northern and northeastern sectors of the tropical Atlantic Ocean which is crucial because this is the main development region for hurricanes in this region. The cruise also collects water, atmospheric, and
Sargassum
seaweed samples across the Atlantic oxygen minimum zone and the equatorial Atlantic.
The cruise will also support several research projects while at sea. Scientists and crew will deploy Argo profiling floats and five drifters at various locations along the cruise track where there are gaps in information about the global ocean and collect over 60 profiles of ocean temperature, salinity, and depth using a CTD rosette, which collects data from the ocean’s surface to about a mile depth. The CTD rosette augmented by total dissolved oxygen and Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers gives scientists a detailed look into the properties of the water column by detecting how the salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and velocity of the water change relative to depth.
Scientists from
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute
will conduct
Sargassum
sampling experiments to study the environmental conditions that affect
Sargassum
growth, its species diversity, and how its spatial distribution and abundance change from month to month and year to year.
Additionally, researchers aboard the cruise from NOAA’s NESDIS, University of Wisconsin, Arizona State University, and University of Maryland Baltimore will collect aerosol measurements and perform approximately 50 radiosonde launches in support of the Aerosols and Oceanographic Science Expeditions project. This project’s goal is to gain an understanding of the weather and climate impacts of long-range transport of mineral dust and smoke aerosols over the tropical Atlantic.
The PIRATA Northeast Extension cruise typically occurs annually and serves as a place for academic and international collaboration to advance the understanding of the ocean and to work towards improved prediction of weather and climate variability. This cruise is funded by
NOAA’s OMAO
and
NOAA’s GOMO
, with personnel support from
NOAA’s AOML
, and
NOAA’s PMEL
.
We wish the participants in all of these cruises a safe and rewarding voyage!
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2021 Improving Hurricane Intensity Forecasts Workshop - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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NOAA’S HURRICANE INTENSITY FORECASTS WORKSHOP
Upper Ocean and Air-Sea Interface Boundary Observing, Analysis, Modeling, and Intensity Forecasting of Hurricanes
Tuesday, January 26 - Thursday, January 28 | 12:30 - 4:30 PM EST
Workshop Publications
Priority Recommendations to Improve NOAA’s Hurricane Intensity Forecasts
Strategic Vision to Benefits NOAA’s Earth System Modeling and Predictions
Workshop Resources:
WORKSHOP OBJECTIVES
VIRTUAL MEETING BEST PRACTICES
Data Visualization Tools:
NOAA Hurricane OceanViewer
Atlantic OceanWatch OceanViewer
Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico node
ArgoVis
Earth Null School
MARACOOS OceansMap
Lagrangian Drifter Lab GDP Array Viewer
Lagrangian Drifter Lab Hurricane Viewer
GeoCollaborate
Day 1: Tuesday, January 26
12:00 PM (OPTIONAL) WORKSHOP OPENS FOR TECHNICAL TESTING
Participants may test the software, troubleshoot, and/or ask questions before the workshop begins.
12:30 PM WORKSHOP FACILITATORS | LOGISTICS
12:45 PM WORKSHOP HOSTS | WELCOME AND OPENING REMARKS
Day 1 Hosts: David Legler and Jessica Snowden,
NOAA Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program
Welcome, Logistics, Goals, and Expected Outcomes
1:00 PM KEYNOTE ADDRESS: SOCIETAL IMPACTS AND IMPORTANCE OF IMPROVING HURRICANE INTENSITY FORECASTS
Speaker:
Ken Graham, Director of NOAA’s National Hurricane Center
1:15 PM SESSION 1: STATE OF KNOWLEDGE OF HURRICANE INTENSITY STUDIES AND FORECASTS
Session Overview
: Present the current state of hurricane intensity forecasts.
Moderator
:
Mark Miller, NOAA NWS Office of Observations
Chat Moderator
:
Dr.
Rick Lumpkin, NOAA A
OML
Current state of hurricane intensity forecasts:
Dr. Frank Marks, NOAA AOML Hurricane Research Division
— 15 minutes
Brief moderated discussion —
15 minutes
Total session time: 30 minutes
1:45 PM
BREAK
2:00 PM SESSION 2: CURRENT STATE AND FUTURE PLANS OF MODELING AND DATA ASSIMILATION EFFORTS FOR HURRICANE INTENSITY FORECASTS
Session Overview
: Present modeling efforts from research and operational centers, seek R2O and O2R between the two entities, and identify ocean observations requirements.
Moderator
: Dr. Hyun-Sook Kim, NOAA AOML
Chat Moderator
:
Dr. Scott Glenn, Rutgers University
10-minute presentations:
HYCOM ocean model and DA:
Dr. Matthieu Le Hénaff, NOAA AOML and University of Miami-CIMAS
ROMS ocean model and DA:
Dr. John Wilkin, Rutgers University
NOAA coupled models and DA: Dr. Avichal Mehra, NOAA NWS Environmental Modeling Center
NAVY coupled models and DA: Dr. Sue Chen, Naval Research Laboratory
Moderated Discussion: Identify recommendations and action items —
45 minutes
Total session time: 1 h 25 minutes
3:30 PM
BREAK
3:45 PM SESSION 3:  OBSERVATIONAL ACTIVITIES DURING RECENT HURRICANE SEASONS (2020)
Session Overview
: Review the advancements made in observing platform deployment and coordination that can be built upon for future hurricane seasons.
Identify the emerging challenges in targeted observations and discuss commonalities across groups to identify a path forward.
Moderator
:
Dr. Sid Thurston, NOAA Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program
Chat Moderator
: Dr. Terri Paluszkiewicz, Global Drifter Program
Synthesis of deployment successes and challenges:
Dr. Rick Lumpkin, NOAA AOML
—
15 minutes
Moderated discussion: Identify recommendations and action items —
15 minutes
Total session time: 30 minutes
4:15 PM DAVID LEGLER AND JESSICA SNOWDEN | DAY 1 REFLECTIONS AND LOOKING AHEAD TO DAY 2
4:30 PM ADJOURN
Day 2: Wednesday, January 27
12:00 PM (OPTIONAL) WORKSHOP OPENS FOR TECHNICAL TESTING
Participants may test the software, troubleshoot, and/or ask questions before the workshop begins.
12:30 PM WORKSHOP HOSTS | WELCOME AND OPENING REMARKS
Day 2 Hosts: Carl Gouldman and Krisa Arzayus,
U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System
Welcome, Logistics, Goals, and Expected Outcomes
12:45 PM KEYNOTE ADDRESS
Speaker: Dr. Vijay Tallapragada, NOAA NWS Environmental Modeling Center
1:00 PM SESSION 1: OBSERVING THE ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER AND AIR-SEA INTERFACE DURING HURRICANES
Session Overview
: Describe the key observing systems that monitor physical processes, the kinematic and thermodynamic structure of the lower atmospheric boundary layer
(i.e., lowest 1 km of the atmosphere over the ocean) and the air-sea transition zone; and identify gaps in models. Include recommendations from atmospheric scientists and oceanographers.
Moderator:
Dr. Elizabeth Thompson, NOAA ESRL
Chat Moderator:
Dr. Joshua Wadler, NOAA AOML
Lightning talks: 8 minutes each, 35 minutes total
Using observations from small uncrewed aircraft to explore the air sea transition zone:
Dr. Joe Cione, NOAA AOML
Estimating air-sea fluxes using current observations (e.g., SST capable dropsondes and drones), including comparisons with the model simulations:
Dr. Jun Zhang, NOAA AOML
Waves and Sea Spray:
Dr.
Shuyi Chen, University of Washington – Atmospheric Sciences
Upper oceanic mixing physics:
Dr. Eric D’Asaro, University of Washington-APL
Moderated discussion: Identify recommendations and action items —
45 minutes
Total session time:  1 hour 20 minutes
2:20 PM
BREAK
2:30 PM SESSION 2: OBSERVING THE UPPER OCEAN DURING HURRICANES
Session Overview
: Present how measuring a suite of parameters with different sampling strategies have helped with understanding and prediction of hurricane intensity,
and what data impact studies are guiding us to improve where to measure and spatial/temporal scales that we should measure in the upper ocean.
Moderator:
Dr. Travis Miles, Rutgers University
Chat Moderator:
D
r. Chidong Zhang, NOAA PMEL
Lightning talks:
8 minutes each, 50 minutes total
The value of sustained and targeted ocean observations
Continuous upper ocean observations: Dr. Molly Baringer, NOAA AOML
Air deployed ocean surface observations:
Dr. Luca Centurioni, Scripps Lagrangian Drifter Laboratory
Air deployed upper ocean observations:
CAPT Beth Sanabia, U.S. Navy
The value of coordinated ocean observations:
Dr. Scott Glenn, Rutgers University
New observing platforms:
Christian Meinig, NOAA PMEL
3:15 PM
BREAK
3:30 PM CONTINUATION OF SESSION 2: MODERATED DISCUSSION
Identify recommendations and action items –45 minutes
Total session time: 1 hour 35 minutes
4:15 PM CARL GOULDMAN AND KRISA ARZAYUS | DAY 2 REFLECTIONS BY HOSTS AND LOOKING AHEAD TO DAY 3
4:30 PM ADJOURN
Day 3: Thursday, January 28
12:00 PM (OPTIONAL) WORKSHOP OPENS FOR TECHNICAL TESTING
Participants may test the software, troubleshoot, and/or ask questions before the workshop begins.
12:30 PM WORKSHOP HOSTS | WELCOME AND OPENING REMARKS
Day 3 Hosts: John Cortinas and  Molly Baringer,
NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
Welcome, Logistics, Goals, and Expected Outcomes
12:45 PM KEYNOTE ADDRESS
Speaker:
RDML Nancy Hann, NOAA OMAO Aircraft Operations Center
1:00 PM SESSION 1: DATA MANAGEMENT
Session Overview
: Present and discuss how ocean data are acquired, transmitted, and assimilated into models.
Moderator:
Dr. Joe Cione, NOAA AOML
Chat Moderator:
Christine Bassett, NOAA NWS Office of Observations
Data used in numerical models: Jong Kim, NOAA NWS Environmental Modeling Center —
10 minutes
Transmitting Data to the GTS: Kevin O’Brien, NOAA PMEL —
10 minutes
Moderated Discussion: Identify recommendations and action items —
25 minutes
Total session time: 45 minutes
1:45 PM
BREAK
2:00 PM SESSION 2: GAPS IN OCEAN OBSERVATIONS
Session Overview
: Discuss how analysis and modeling efforts help identify gaps in observations that can be addressed in the short or medium-term to improve ocean analysis and forecasts.
Moderator
:
Dr. Emily Smith, NOAA Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program
Chat Moderator
:
Cheyenne Stienbarger, NOAA Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program
Addressing gaps for the 2021 Atlantic Hurricane Season: Dr. Gustavo Goni, NOAA AOML —
10 minutes
Common Challenges between TC and ETC: Dr. Joe Sienkiewicz, NOAA NWS Ocean Prediction Center —
10 minutes
Discussion: Identification of Gaps —
30 minutes
How gaps are identified (models, analysis, low cost, easy logistics, …)
How priorities are determined
Gaps for improving hurricane rapid intensification forecasts
Gaps for understanding physics and conducting analysis
Gaps for operational ocean forecasts
Gaps for ocean-atmosphere coupled models
Discussion: Practical, Actionable Recommendations to Address Gaps —
30 minutes
Near-term recommendations and solutions
How progress in improving hurricane intensity forecast can be demonstrated through an integrated field campaign during Hurricane Season 2022
Total session time: 1 hour 20 minutes
3:30 PM
BREAK
3:45 PM CONCLUDING DISCUSSIONS
Moderators
: Dr. Sid Thurston and Dr. Frank Marks
Session Objective
: Review and discuss priorities, requirements, and other recommendations that can be accomplished in the next 1-2 years, with a specific look to planning for an integrated field campaign for Hurricane Season 2022.
Total session time: 30 minutes
4:15 PM JOHN CORTINAS AND MOLLY BARINGER | DAY 3 REFLECTIONS
4:25 PM DAVID LEGLER | LOOKING AHEAD
4:30 PM ADJOURN
Workshop Steering Committee:
SID THURSTON (NOAA GOMO), CHEYENNE STIENBARGER (NOAA GOMO), EMILY SMITH (NOAA  GOMO), GUSTAVO GONI (NOAA AOML),
HYUN-SOOK KIM (NOAA AOML), JOE CIONE (NOAA  AOML), CHIDONG ZHANG (NOAA  PMEL), MARK MILLER AND CHRISTINE BASSETT (NOAA NWS OFFICE OF OBSERVATIONS),
BENJAMIN LACOUR (NOS-IOOS/NOAA CORPS) AND TERRI PALUSZKIEWICZ (GLOBAL DRIFTER PROGRAM CONTRACTOR)
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Improving Hurricane Predictions by Observing the Ocean with Cheyenne Stienbarger - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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GOMO News
Improving Hurricane Predictions by Observing the Ocean with Cheyenne Stienbarger
Jessica Mkitarian
June 15, 2022
Extreme Events
,
News
This World Ocean Month, we sat down with Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing (GOMO) Program Manager Cheyenne Stienbarger to learn more about how ocean observing research can help improve predictions of extreme events.
What is your role in GOMO?
I am a program manager for the Tropical Pacific Observing System (TPOS) and the Extreme Events programs. In this role, I am not the one
doing
the science, rather, I am
supporting
the ones who are. I work closely with scientists and other program managers across NOAA, academic institutions, and international organizations on issues related to extreme climate and weather phenomena.
What was your background before this role?
Definitely not oceanography! I have a master’s degree in marine biology from the University of North Carolina, Wilmington (UNCW). My thesis research was the result of a collaborative
NOAA Marine Debris Program
grant that focused on assessing the consequences of microplastic ingestion across multiple life stages of the Black sea bass. I’ve always been passionate about understanding changes to the ocean and climate, as well as the people who are impacted by those changes. Throughout my master’s program, I quickly discovered that the research/academic path
wasn’t the best fit for me
. Seeking a different experience that still allowed me to find fulfillment and feel like I was making a positive difference for society, I applied for the
John A. Knauss Marine Policy Fellowship
– which brought me to NOAA and the GOMO program in early 2020!
What made you choose the Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program for your fellowship?
My interest was piqued immediately upon learning about GOMO – especially since our office supports over 50% of the world’s ocean observations, which are necessary for climate and weather prediction models and helping us understand our changing ocean and its impact on the environment. This, along with the major international engagement that comes with being a truly global office, was more than enough to convince me that I would find fulfillment working at GOMO.
As the manager of the Extreme Events program, what interests you about hurricanes and extreme event research?
Hurricanes and other tropical cyclones are among the most destructive weather events on Earth, with negative impacts that are increasingly amplified by warming oceans, rising sea levels, and growing coastal populations –  and that disproportionately affects less developed countries and small island developing states.
Improved hurricane forecasts serve society by protecting lives and reducing the risk of property damage.
Additionally, only a few months after moving out of the landlocked Midwest to attend graduate school at UNCW, Hurricane Florence directly hit Wilmington in September 2018. Hurricane Florence resulted in the loss of many homes, business, and lives, as well as the destruction of UNCW’s Biology & Chemistry building. This caused millions of dollars in damage, ruined hundreds of irreplaceable samples, and disrupted several months of graduate school for many students, including me.
My first and only personal experience with a hurricane has deepened my appreciation for the work with the people who provide observational data for the forecasts, who evaluate the forecasts, and who issue the forecasts. Being able to work with this community directly has been incredibly rewarding for me.
What information is needed to improve hurricane forecasts?
NOAA’s
National Hurricane Center
has seen a great improvement in the forecasted
track
of the storms, which is the path a storm will follow before potentially making landfall. While these track forecasts have improved nearly 70% over the last 40 years, forecasts of
intensity
(the strength of the storm, measured by category level) are still less accurate, particularly when storms rapidly intensify.
Many experts consider that the limited improvement in intensity forecasting is partially attributed to an incomplete understanding of the role of the ocean – today more than 80 percent of the ocean is still
unmapped, unexplored and unobserved
. Ocean observations have been increasingly acknowledged by scientists as critical to improving the prediction of hurricane intensity. This is part of the motivation for developing the Extreme Events Ocean Observations Task Team and for utilizing ocean observations to improve our understanding of the ocean
underneath
the tropical cyclones.
Tell us about GOMO’s Extreme Events program.
There is a rich history of expertise across NOAA for
hurricane research
and forecasting, which has largely focused on the coordination of NOAA aircraft and atmospheric observations.
However, the coordination of in situ
ocean observations
was largely lacking.
As a Knauss fellow in mid-2020, I co-organized (alongside
Dr. Sid Thurston
, another GOMO program manager) the Extreme Events Ocean Observations Task Team (EEOOTT) to provide a unifying organizational infrastructure for NOAA and external partners to coordinate ocean observing efforts related to tropical cyclones and to build a bridge between the ocean observing and modeling communities.
In January 2021, we brought together observing and modeling scientists from across NOAA, other federal agencies, the private sector, and academic institutions for a three day workshop. At this workshop, we created a list of priority recommendations for improving NOAA’s hurricane intensity forecasts using ocean observations. Moving forward with these recommendations will require participation from several scientific communities including ocean observing, meteorology, and modeling  across NOAA and external partners.
The EEOOTT consists of about 30 members across NOAA’s programs, labs, and Cooperative Institutes. The team meets regularly during the hurricane season (June 1 – November 30) to coordinate ocean observations across the Mid-Atlantic, Southeast Atlantic, Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico.
Why are ocean observations important?
According to Frank Marks (the director of AOML’s Hurricane Research Division),
“The more we understand about how the ocean fuels tropical storms, the better the forecast will be.”
Ocean observations help us improve prediction of weather and extreme events, such as floods, droughts, and hurricanes, monitor changes over time, such as ocean warming, carbon uptake, ocean health, improve maritime safety and navigation, and much more. Ocean observations are conducted using a variety of tools, also called platforms. GOMO and other members of the ocean observing community support several
ocean observing platforms
that provide relevant information for understanding hurricanes. These include
drifters
,
Argo floats
, eXpendable BathyThermographs (
XBTs
),
Saildrones
, and
underwater gliders
.
What are the next steps for the Extreme Events program?
As you may have
read
, forecasters at NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center are predicting above-average hurricane activity this year – which would make it the seventh consecutive above-average hurricane season. With this in mind, we are planning for a 2023 pilot ‘integrated field campaign’ to provide a coordinated, multi-institutional, and multi-observing platform approach to fully capture many of the ocean features that affect the intensity changes of hurricanes. We will also be working with modelers to integrate ocean observations into the models that predict hurricanes.
It is important to have ocean observations before, during, and after the passage of a hurricane to understand how the ocean affects the storm and how the storm affects the ocean.
Coupled with atmospheric observations, ocean observations can improve the representation of the ocean in models that go into forecasts, ultimately helping us better understand how the intensity of hurricanes changes.
Our hope is that with improved observations, we can improve our forecasts and ultimately save lives and property.
See hurricane research in action in the NOAA Ocean Today video
Satellites of the Sea: Observing the Ocean for Hurricane Research
.
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Join NOAA at the Predicted Ocean Laboratory this Sept. 15 - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Join NOAA at the Predicted Ocean Laboratory this Sept. 15
Jessica Mkitarian
September 7, 2021
Extreme Events
,
News
Join NOAA at the Predicted Ocean Laboratory this Sept. 15
Allies in Extreme Weather Prediction: NOAA’s long standing partnership with Indonesia
On September 15, 2021, NOAA Research Assistant Administrator Craig McLean will co-host a worldwide, two-day event to bring together voices and ideas focused on predicting ocean conditions for the benefit of science and society. This virtual
Predicted Ocean Laboratory
is part of the
United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development
(2021-2030), also known as the “Ocean Decade,” which aims to transform ocean research by boosting innovation, connecting new partners, and spurring the science we need for a healthy ocean and sustainable economic future.
The Predicted Laboratory is open to all who
register
and aims to raise awareness, strengthen dialogue, and facilitate action toward the
seven Ocean Decade goals
. The event will begin with four hours of conversations with world experts, followed by a series of “Satellite Events” or webinars hosted by local stakeholder groups from around the world. The Satellite Events will take place over a 48-hour period, following the sun twice around the globe in order to include participation and presentations from people in different countries and time zones.
Ocean observations
are the foundation to achieving a “predicted ocean,” one where society can understand and respond to changing ocean conditions. The ocean observations supported by the
Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program
and other parts of NOAA help improve forecasts of hurricanes, tropical storms, marine heat waves, and even the seven day weather forecast. Ocean observing data and research is used
internationally
to report on the
climate crisis
and to inform federal policies affecting communities on the coasts and inland.
Through decades of research and collaborative
international partnerships
, NOAA has made significant strides in our understanding of oceanic conditions and trends such as
carbon dioxide uptake
,
ocean heat storage
, and the Earth’s
energy imbalance
. Yet even with this progress, more than 80 percent of the ocean remains
unmapped, unobserved, and unexplored
. NOAA’s participation in the Ocean Decade will expand opportunities to support ground-breaking science, management, conservation, and sustainable development of the ocean and its resources. The U.S. has a tremendous opportunity to lead and shape the future of ocean and coastal science, technology and sustainable development over the next ten years, and beyond.
Learn more
about NOAA’s involvement in the Ocean Decade,
endorsed actions and initiatives
, and
register
for the Predicted Ocean Lab.
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