Funded Projects Archives - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Scientific discoveries and program achievements for the advancement of global ocean monitoring and observing.
Image Credit: Ivan Bandura, Unsplash
Global Carbon Data Management and Synthesis Project
Global Carbon Data Management and Synthesis Project Period of Activity: 01 October 2018 – 30 September 2019 Principal Investigators: Brendan Carter, NOAA Pacific Environmental Laboratory & Rik Wannikhof, NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Metoerological Laboratory Project Summary 1.1. Project justification Over the past two and a half centuries, the surface oceans have absorbed approximately 30% of
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March 24, 2020
Observing System Monitoring Center
Observing System Monitoring Center Period of Activity: 01 October 2018 – 30 September 2019 Principal Investigator: Eugene Burger, NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Project Summary The Observing System Monitoring Center (OSMC) 1 project exists to join the discrete “networks” of in situ ocean observing platforms — ships, surface floats, profiling floats, tide gauges, etc. –
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March 24, 2020
Climate Variability in Ocean Surface Turbulent Fluxes
Climate Variability in Ocean Surface Turbulent Fluxes Period of Activity: 01 October 2018 – 30 September 2019 Principal Investigator: Dr. Mark A. Bourassa, Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies Project Summary Florida State University (FSU) produces monthly in-situ fields of surface winds (the ‘FSU Winds’) for the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans. We are developing a
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March 19, 2020
Distribution and Prevalence of Harmful Algal Blooms in Arctic Waters
Distribution and Prevalence of Harmful Algal Blooms in Arctic Waters Period of Activity: 01 October 2018 – 30 September 2019 Principal Investigator: Donald Anderson, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Project Summary Many organisms may spread into and flourish in Arctic waters as a result of climate change, but few present such significant threats to human and
Read More »
March 27, 2019
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Observing System Monitoring Center - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Observing System Monitoring Center
Jessica Mkitarian
March 24, 2020
Funded Projects
Observing System Monitoring Center
Period of Activity: 01 October 2018 – 30 September 2019
Principal Investigator: Eugene Burger, NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory
Project Summary
The Observing System Monitoring Center (OSMC) 1 project exists to join the discrete “networks” of in situ ocean observing platforms — ships, surface floats, profiling floats, tide gauges, etc. – into a single, integrated system. The OSMC addresses this goal through capabilities in five areas: 1) it captures the real-time ocean data stream from the NOAA feed of the WMO Global Telecommunications System (GTS) into a database, and makes those data available at minimal delay to scientific end users through easy-to-use, service-oriented techniques; 2) it utilizes these data to compute metrics, indices and indicators of effectiveness of the observing system (the scientifically useful data it produces); 3) it strives to integrate the community of delayed-mode data assembly centers under a unified set of data services; 4) it provides real-time monitoring of ocean parameters measured by the integrated networks of in situ platform; and 5) it is working to improve near-real time data distribution via the GTS through the Open-GTS project. OSMC serves the real-time data, ingested into the OSMC from the GTS and other sources, to the public as an integrated, easy-to-use stream. The real-time data are served out via Web Services using the popular ERDDAP 2 program from NOAA/NMFS. ERDDAP products include data in several popular delivery formats that can be accessed through web browsers and many desktop analysis or visualization tools. The OSMC project is working to unify access to the platform- focused, delayed-mode data assembly centers that perform quality assurance and quality control on the output on individual observing “networks”. The OSMC data integration strategy extends beyond in situ observations to include synthesis products, satellite observations and model outputs.
Through involvement in the JCOMM/GOOS Observation Coordination Group (OCG), OSMC is also bringing these data integration and interoperability ideas to the international community. The OSMC has also conceived, developed and implemented the Open-GTS project with support of the OCG. This project is designed to improve distribution and access of near-real time data to benefit both data producers and consumers, with particular focus on improving model forecasts and developing a better understanding of the value of in situ observations in the various forecasts.
1 http://www.osmc.noaa.gov
2 The ERDDAP server is a development of the Environmental Research Division of NOAA/NMFS/PFEL —
http://coastwatch.pfeg.noaa.gov/erddap
Documents to Download
OSMC_FY19_ProgressReport_slides
(pptx)
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About Us - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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We are all connected by a global ocean
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Mission:
to provide and support high quality global ocean observations and research to improve our scientific understanding and inform society about the ocean’s role in environmental change.
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a resilient, innovative, and fully integrated global ocean observing system that benefits scientific research, fosters environmental stewardship and serves society.
Why do we observe the ocean?
Ocean observations are used in climate and weather prediction models and help us understand our changing ocean and its impact on the environment.
Increasing our knowledge of patterns, trends, and the state of the global ocean can help with prediction of hurricanes, interannual events such as El Niño, and even the 10-day weather forecast. Ocean observing research also helps with maritime safety and navigation, coastal planning, farming, and the blue economy. Our research informs policy and it helps improve the livelihood of communities from the Arctic to island nations. Read more about how our research informs
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GOMO provides highly impactful ocean observations,
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GOMO provides support for institutions from around the country that foster advancements in understanding and protecting our global oceans. View the research projects that impact people, ecosystems, and the economy.
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ocean heat Archives - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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ocean heat
Scientific discoveries and program achievements for the advancement of global ocean monitoring and observing.
Image Credit: Ivan Bandura, Unsplash
NOAA Research Releases First-of-its-Kind Ocean Carbon Observing Science Plan
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argo Archives - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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argo
Scientific discoveries and program achievements for the advancement of global ocean monitoring and observing.
Image Credit: Ivan Bandura, Unsplash
Celebrating 25 years of Argo, the ‘crown jewel’ of ocean observing systems
On December 11th at the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, a crowd gathered at the NOAA Booth to celebrate two major accomplishments: the 25 year anniversary of the Argo Program and the milestone of collecting three million “data profiles” – snapshots of ocean information collected while these robotic floats dive through the water column. Over
Read More »
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Read More »
October 1, 2024
Floating ice, freezing temperatures: Four facts about the I08S GO-SHIP cruise to Antarctica
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Read More »
May 6, 2024
Biden-Harris Administration invests $2.7 million to improve ocean observations with new robotic floats through Investing in America agenda
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Read More »
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From Mississippi to Australia: 3 Research Cruises Depart to Improve Understanding of the Atlantic and Southern Ocean
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Read More »
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Read More »
October 17, 2023
Scientists Team with Commercial Shipping Industry to Collect Ocean Observations in the Caribbean Sea
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Read More »
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Ocean Observing Tech Enhances Climate Education in the Cook Islands
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Read More »
May 19, 2023
GOMO Program joined the 23rd Annual Argo Steering Team meeting in Monaco
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Read More »
April 5, 2022
Argo Floats in the Atlantic to Boost Weather and Climate Research
NOAA & partners team with low-carbon sailing vessel for major deployment (NOAA.gov – read the full release) NOAA and partners have joined together to launch approximately 100 new Argo floats across the Atlantic ocean to collect data that supports ocean, weather and climate research and prediction. These will bolster the international Argo Program, which maintains a global array of about
Read More »
December 15, 2021
Argo Program Receives 2022 IEEE Corporate Innovation Award
The international Argo Program has been recognized with a 2022 IEEE Corporate Innovation Award: “For innovation in large-scale autonomous observations in oceanography with global impacts in marine and climate science and technology.” The Argo Program was developed in 1999 and today supports a global array of about 3,800 robotic profiling floats that measure the temperature and salinity of the
Read More »
December 2, 2021
GO-SHIP Launches First GO-BGC Argo Float named Europa
GO-SHIP Launches First GO-BGC Argo Float named Europa The first biogeochemical Argo float of the new NSF-funded GO-BGC Array program was launched on March 24, 2021 by researchers onboard the GO-SHIP A20 Expedition in the Western North Atlantic. The float, named Europa, was adopted and named by the Fauquier County Public Schools in Warrenton, Virginia. A total of
Read More »
May 2, 2021
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OceanSITES Archives - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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OceanSITES
Scientific discoveries and program achievements for the advancement of global ocean monitoring and observing.
Image Credit: Ivan Bandura, Unsplash
NOAA research cruise supports key tropical Atlantic observing system
This is a repost of NOAA AOML’s original story published August 6, 2024 There and back again: NOAA Ship Gordon Gunter journeyed away from Pascagoula, Mississippi for 90+ days and 12,700+ nautical miles to conduct the PIRATA Northeast Extension cruise. A NOAA ship that traditionally sails in the Gulf of Mexico embarked on a 90+ day journey
Read More »
August 13, 2024
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PIRATA Archives - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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PIRATA
Scientific discoveries and program achievements for the advancement of global ocean monitoring and observing.
Image Credit: Ivan Bandura, Unsplash
NOAA research cruise supports key tropical Atlantic observing system
This is a repost of NOAA AOML’s original story published August 6, 2024 There and back again: NOAA Ship Gordon Gunter journeyed away from Pascagoula, Mississippi for 90+ days and 12,700+ nautical miles to conduct the PIRATA Northeast Extension cruise. A NOAA ship that traditionally sails in the Gulf of Mexico embarked on a 90+ day journey
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August 13, 2024
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Research Cruise Archives - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Research Cruise
Scientific discoveries and program achievements for the advancement of global ocean monitoring and observing.
Image Credit: Ivan Bandura, Unsplash
NOAA research cruise supports key tropical Atlantic observing system
This is a repost of NOAA AOML’s original story published August 6, 2024 There and back again: NOAA Ship Gordon Gunter journeyed away from Pascagoula, Mississippi for 90+ days and 12,700+ nautical miles to conduct the PIRATA Northeast Extension cruise. A NOAA ship that traditionally sails in the Gulf of Mexico embarked on a 90+ day journey
Read More »
August 13, 2024
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Handbook Archives - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Handbook
GO-SHIP Repeat Hydrography Manual
By
Melissa Hiatt
/
November 14, 2024
The GO-SHIP Repeat Hydrography Manual: A Collection of Expert Reports and Guidelines provides detailed instructions for the high quality collection and analysis techniques of numerous ocean parameters. The manual addresses both physical and biogeochemical parameters. Sixteen chapters covering CTD methods, discrete samples, and underway measurements have been reviewed and revised by more than 50 experts […]
GO-SHIP Repeat Hydrography Manual
Read More »
NOAA Data Management Handbook
By
Melissa Hiatt
/
October 31, 2024
The Management of NOAA Data and Information Data Management Handbook provides guidance and further details for NAO 212-15B. The intent of the Handbook is to define requirements, track performance objectives and metrics for executives to understand the current state and progress. It also seeks to outline procedures that Assistant Chief Data Officers (ACDOs), data manageers, program
NOAA Data Management Handbook
Read More »
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U.S Interagency Arctic Buoy Program-IABP (RIGOR) - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Coordination and Data Management of the U.S Interagency Arctic Buoy Program (IABP)
Providing fundamental observations of sea ice, surface meteorology, and oceanography to improve weather forecast and understand Arctic climate
Jump to data
The
U.S Interagency Arctic Buoy Program
(IABP)
strives to maintain a network of buoys with a spacing of less than 250 km, or more than 200 buoys spread across the Arctic Ocean. These buoys are essential for predicting weather and temperature anomalies, which rely on in-situ observations of surface meteorology and oceanography. Collected observations  are also used for Numerical Weather Prediction models to forecast weather and sea ice conditions,
contribute to long-term atmospheric reanalysis data useful for multiple climate studies, validate satellite-derived estimates of sea ice motion, temperature, sea ice thickness, etc., among other uses. These observations provide the longest continuing record for the Arctic and have been one of the cornerstones for environmental forecasting and studies of climate and climate change.
Ignatius Rigor
Principal Investigator
ignatius@uw.edu
Project Institution
: University of Washington
Partnerships
: PSC/APL/UW, CICOES, NSF
Award Period
:
01 October 2021 – 30 September 2022
Data Access
About The IABP Database
Buoy data files are updated daily and made available individually via the links below. Values provided are confined to surface temperature, atmospheric temperature, and barometric pressure when these values are available. All buoy files contain at least a date and position. Buoys that are no longer reporting remain available on the main IABP data website:
Project Datasets
Archived Datasets
Maps & Tables
IABP Data Portal
Access Link
ALL Raw Buoy Data
Access Link
Metadata & Tables
Access Link
Level 1
Arctic Data (updated daily)
Access Link
Level 1
Antarctic Data (updated daily)
Access Link
Level 2
Data (not finalized)
Access Link
Daily Full Resolution Data (updated daily)
Access Link
All Data Reports
Access Link
Coordination, Data Management and Enhancement of the IABP [1979-2012]
Access Link
Coordination, Data Management and Enhancement of the IABP [2013-2016]
Access Link
IABP AB Dataset [2013-2016]: 12-hourly gridded surface air pressure
Access Link
IABP C Dataset [2013-2016]: 12-Hourly positions from buoys
Access Link
IABP D Dataset [2013-2016]: gridded sea ice velocity fields from buoys
Access Link
Retired buoy data (raw)
Access Link
ALL 3 hourly buoy data
Access Link
Arctic Buoy Map (updated daily)
Access Link
Arctic Table (updated daily)
Access Link
Ocean/Ice Buoy Map (updated daily)
Access Link
Featured Publication
Observing Arctic Sea Ice
April 6, 2022
Melinda A. Webster , Ignatius Rigor, and Nicholas C. Wright
Our understanding of Arctic sea ice and its wide-ranging influence is deeply rooted in observation. Advancing technologies have profoundly improved our ability to observe Arctic sea ice, document its processes and properties, and describe atmosphere-ice-ocean interactions with unprecedented detail.  Yet, our progress toward better understanding the Arctic sea ice system is mired by the stark disparities between observations that tend to be siloed by method, scientific discipline, and application. This article presents a review and philosophical design for observing sea ice and accelerating our understanding of the Arctic sea ice system.
Image Credit: Melinda Webster
Read Story
Publications & References
Most Recent Publications
FULL PROJECT PUBLICATIONS LIST
Access Link
Brunette, C., Tremblay, L. B., & Newton, R. (2022). A new state-dependent parameterization for the free drift of sea ice.
The Cryosphere, 16(2), 533-557
Access Link
de Aguiar, V., Dagestad, K. F., Hole, L. R., & Barthel, K. (2022). Quantitative assessment of two oil-in-ice surface drift algorithms. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 175, 113393
Access Link
Faybishenko, B., Versteeg, R., Pastorello, G., Dwivedi, D., Varadharajan, C., & Agarwal, D. (2022). Challenging problems of quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) of meteorological time series data. Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment, 36(4), 1049-1062.
Access Link
Garcia-Soto, C, L. Cheng, L. Caesar, L. Jewett, A. Cheripika, I. Rigor, A. Caballero, J. Abraham, S. Chiva, J.C. Báez, T. Zielinski, An update on Ocean Climate Indicators: Sea Surface Temperature, Ocean Heat Content, Ocean PH, Arctic Sea Ice Extent, Sea Level and strength of the AMOC (Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation), Frontiers of Marine Science, 2021.
Access Link
Garcia-Soto, Cc; Contributors: L. Caesar, A. Cazenave, L. Cheng, A. Cheripka, P. Durack, D. Halpern, L. Jewett, G. Li, I. Rigor, S. Schmidtko, and T. Zielinski, Chapter 5: Trends in the Physical and Chemical State of the Ocean, Second World Ocean Assessment, United Nations, 2021.
Access Link
Howell, S. E., Brady, M., & Komarov, A. S. (2022). Generating large-scale sea ice motion from Sentinel-1 and the RADARSAT Constellation Mission using the Environment and Climate Change Canada automated sea ice tracking system. The Cryosphere, 16(3), 1125-1139.
Access Link
Jewell, M. E. (2022). Atmospheric and Sea Ice Circulation Patterns During Lead Formation at Point Barrow. M.S. Thesis, Oregon State University.
Access Link
Lygre, K., Røsvik, B. H., Storheim, E., Forcucci, D., Rigor, I., Langehaug, H. R., … & Pettersson, L. H. (2021).
Float Your Boat-Norway. School students, small wooden boats and marine research in the Arctic
(No. EGU21-16269). Copernicus Meetings.
Access Link
Melling, H. (2022). Sea-ice thickness on the northern Canadian polar shelf: A second look after 40 years. The Cryosphere Discussions, 1-24.
Access Link
Morison, J., R. Kwok, and I. Rigor. 2022. Changes in Arctic Ocean circulation from in situ and remotely sensed observations: Synergies and sampling challenges.
Oceanography
, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2022.111.
Access Link
Morison
J., R. Kwok, S. Dickinson, R. Andersen, C. Peralta-Ferriz, D. Morison, I. Rigor, S. Dewey, and J. Guthrie, The Cyclonic Mode of Arctic Ocean Circulation, J. Phys. Oceanography,
Oceanography
,  51,  1053– 1075.
https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-20-0190.1
, 2021.
Access Link
Nicolaus, M., Perovich, D. K., Spreen, G., Granskog, M. A., von Albedyll, L., Angelopoulos, M., … & Wendisch, M. (2022). Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Snow and sea ice. Elem Sci Anth, 10(1), 000046.
Access Link
Obbard, R.W, A.C. Bradley, I. Rigor, Remotely monitored buoys for observing the growth and development of sea ice in situ, accepted, J. Atmos. and Ocean Tech, 2022.
Access Link
Sumata, H., de Steur, L., Gerland, S., Divine, D. V., & Pavlova, O. (2022). Unprecedented decline of Arctic sea ice outflow in 2018. Nature communications, 13(1), 1-11.
Access Link
Sun, W., Yang, Y., Chao, L., Dong, W., Huang, B., Jones, P., & Li, Q. (2022). Description of the China global Merged Surface Temperature version 2.0. Earth System Science Data, 14(4), 1677-1693.
Access Link
Turnbull, I. D., & Marchenko, A. V. (2022). Deformation of an ice pack influenced by waves and topographic enhancement of tidal motion near Hopen Island in the Barents Sea. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 194, 103463.
Access Link
Wang, X., Chen, R., Li, C., Chen, Z., Hui, F., & Cheng, X. (2022). An Intercomparison of Satellite Derived Arctic Sea Ice Motion Products. Remote Sensing, 14(5), 1261.
Access Link
Webster, M.A., I. Rigor, and N.C. Wright. 2022. Observing Arctic sea ice.
Oceanography
, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2022.115.
Access Link
Wu, A., Che, T., Li, X., & Zhu, X. (2022). A ship navigation information service system for the Arctic Northeast Passage using 3D GIS based on big Earth data. Big Earth Data, 1-27.
Access Link
Yu, X., Liu, C., Wang, X., Cao, J., Dong, J., & Liu, Y. (2022). Evaluation of Arctic Sea Ice Drift and its Relationship with Near-surface Wind and Ocean Current in Nine CMIP6 Models from China. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 1-24.
Access Link
Zhang, F., Pang, X., Lei, R., Zhai, M., Zhao, X., & Cai, Q. (2022). Arctic sea ice motion change and response to atmospheric forcing between 1979 and 2019. International Journal of Climatology, 42(3), 1854-1876.
Access Link
Additional Links & Resources
Project Website
Access Link
Project Photo Gallery
Arctic Observing Experiment (AOX) IABP buoy test site at the DOE Atmospheric Radiation
SVP-B and Ice Ball deployed at the North Pole by the scientists and crew aboard the Le Commandant Charcot.
Map of buoys reporting from the Arctic Ocean on October 21, 2022.
Map of standard deviation of sea level pressure measurements
Map of all observations available on the WMO/IOC GTS
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Thermodynamic processes and forecasting in the coupled ocean-ice-atmosphere system (CHRIS COX) - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Thermodynamic Processes and Forecasting in the Coupled Ocean-Ice Atmosphere System
Improving Arctic Ocean observations to support sea ice forecasts
Jump to data
As a consequence of rising global temperatures, areas with permanent sea ice in the Arctic Ocean are melting into seasonal, thinning ice patches. This high melt activity is causing an array of changes to ripple throughout the Arctic and are particularly dramatic in sea shelves such as those surrounding Alaska. With these changes rapidly affecting the Arctic, there is a great need to provide information that can keep pace, especially those that support hazard-mitigation, sustainability of resources, and maritime safety.
The
Thermodynamics of Ocean-Ice Atmosphere System
project aims to advance sea ice and Arctic weather prediction modeling by establishing observation technologies that will support related forecast modeling within and outside of NOAA. These efforts target the dynamic and thermodynamic processes that regulate the transformation of ice. Areas of research include (i) modeling representations of coupled system processes, (ii) the causes, consequences, and predictability of extreme events; and (iii) the energetic exchanges between sea ice and the atmosphere that is associated with cyclones and air mass advection.
FIGURE 1: 2m-Skin Temperature (Celsius) Finding: 2-4 degC bias in seasonal means. 2.6 Linkages between Arctic/sub-Arctic atmospheric transport and sea ice anomalies. Task Lead: Chris Cox (NOAA), Contributor: Paul McKinley (Hollings Scholar)
Project Institution
: Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL)
Partnerships
: Earth System Research Labs (ESRL), PSL
Award Period
:
01 October 2022 – 30 September 2023
Data Access
About MOSIAC Database
The Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (
MOSAiC
) was an international research expedition to study the physical, chemical, and biological processes that coupled the Arctic atmosphere, sea ice, ocean, and ecosystem.
During MOSAiC, Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL)  collected, transmitted, and hosted the following observations from multiple platforms: upwelling and downwelling shortwave and longwave radiation, meteorology, snow depth, surface skin temperature, geodetic information, 3d winds and gas concentrations (for eddy covariance calculations of turbulent latent and sensible heat flux), and snow conductive flux.
About AMOS Database
The Arctic Research Program and Physical Science Laboratory are conducting research using experimental observations made in collaboration with Navy. Working with the Naval Postgraduate School, the University of Washington, and NASA, a study is being conducted that identifies atmospheric subsidence as a mechanism for initiating sea ice melt and another that analyzes the freeze-up in the Beaufort Sea during former Typhoon Merbok in autumn 2022.
Project Datasets
MOSAiC Datasets
ArcticMET Data
Cox, C.J.
et al. (inc
M. Shupe
,
T. Uttal
,
S. Morris
,
O. Persson
) (2023d). Met City meteorological and surface flux measurements (Level 2, processed), Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC), central Arctic, October 2019 – September 2020.
Arctic Data Center
, https://doi.org/10.18739/A2TM7227K
Access Link
Cox, C.J.
et al. (inc
M. Shupe
,
T. Uttal
,
S. Morris
,
O. Persson
) (2023e) Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #30 measurements (Level 2, processed), Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC), central Arctic, October 2019 – September 2020.
Arctic Data Center
, https://doi.org/10.18739/A2K649V1f
Access Link
Cox, C.J.
et al. (inc
M. Shupe
,
T. Uttal
,
S. Morris
,
O. Persson
) (2023f) Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #40 measurements (Level 2, processed), Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC), central Arctic, October 2019 – September 2020.
Arctic Data Center
,
https://doi.org/10.18739/A29P2W74F
Access Link
Cox, C.J.
et al. (inc
M. Shupe
,
T. Uttal
,
S. Morris
,
O. Persson
) (2023g) Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #50 measurements (Level 2, processed), Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC), central Arctic, October 2019 – September 2020.
Arctic Data Center
,
https://doi.org/10.18739/A2251FM5R
Access Link
Cox, C.J.
et al. (inc
M. Shupe
,
T. Uttal
,
S. Morris
,
O. Persson
) (2023h). Met City meteorological and surface flux measurements (Level 3, final), Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC), central Arctic, October 2019 – September 2020.
Arctic Data Center
,
https://doi.org/10.18739/A2PV6B83F
Access Link
Cox, C.J.
et al. (inc
M. Shupe
,
T. Uttal
,
S. Morris
,
O. Persson
) (2023i) Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #30 measurements (Level 3, final), Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC), central Arctic, October 2019 – September 2020.
Arctic Data Center
,
https://doi.org/10.18739/A2FF3M18K
Access Link
Cox, C.J.
et al. (inc
M. Shupe
,
T. Uttal
,
S. Morris
,
O. Persson
) (2023j) Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #40 measurements (Level 3, final), Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC), central Arctic, October 2019 – September 2020.
Arctic Data Center
,
https://doi.org/10.18739/A25X25F0P
Access Link
Cox, C.J.
et al. (inc
M. Shupe
,
T. Uttal
,
S. Morris
,
O. Persson
) (2023k) Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #50 measurements (Level 3, final), Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC), central Arctic, October 2019 – September 2020.
Arctic Data Center
,
https://doi.org/10.18739/A2XD0R00S
Access Link
Oehri, J.
et al. (inc C. Cox) (2022), Harmonized in-situ observations of surface energy fluxes and environmental drivers at 64 Arctic vegetation and glacier sites. PANGEA Bundled Publication.
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.949792
(*PART ONE)
Access Link
Oehri, J.
et al. (inc C. Cox) (2022), Harmonized in-situ observations of surface energy fluxes and environmental drivers at 64 Arctic vegetation and glacier sites. PANGEA Bundled Publication.
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.949764
(*PART TWO)
Access Link
Oehri, J.
et al. (inc C. Cox) (2022), Harmonized in-situ observations of surface energy fluxes and environmental drivers at 64 Arctic vegetation and glacier sites. PANGEA Bundled Publication.
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.949789
(*PART THREE)
Access Link
Oehri, J.
et al. (inc C. Cox) (2022), Harmonized in-situ observations of surface energy fluxes and environmental drivers at 64 Arctic vegetation and glacier sites. PANGEA Bundled Publication
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.949791
(*PART FOUR)
Access Link
Oehri, J.
et al. (inc C. Cox) (2022), Harmonized in-situ observations of surface energy fluxes and environmental drivers at 64 Arctic vegetation and glacier sites. PANGEA Bundled Publication
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.949737
(*PART FIVE)
Access Link
Pirazzini, R., H. Henna-Reeta,
M.D. Shupe
,
T. Uttal
,
C.J. Cox
, D. Costa,
P.O.G. Persson
, and Z. Brasseur (2022), Upward and downward broadband shortwave and longwave irradiance and downward diffuse and direct solar partitioning during the MOSAiC expedition.
PANGEA.
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.952359
Access Link
Shupe, M.D.
(2022), ShupeTurner cloud microphysics product.
ARM Mobile Facility (MOS) MOSAiC (Drifting Obs – Study of Arctic Climate)
. https://doi.org/10.5439/1871015
Access Link
ArcticMET
Dataset
Access Link
MOSAiC Databse
Download Link
10 meter tower
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Atmospheric Surface Flux Station (ASFS) #
30
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Atmospheric Surface Flux Station (ASFS) #
40
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Atmospheric Surface Flux Station (ASFS) #
50
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Featured Publication
Emerging Technologies For Observing the Arctic Ocean
September 9, 2022
Craig M. Lee , Michael DeGrandpre, John Guthrie, Victoria Hill, Ron Kwok, James Morison, Christopher J. Cox, Hanumant Singh, Timothy P. Stanton, and Jeremy Wilkinson
Understanding and predicting Arctic change and its impacts on global climate requires broad, sustained observations of the atmosphere-ice-ocean system, yet technological and logistical challenges severely restrict the temporal and spatial scope of observing efforts. This paper reviews new platform and sensor developments, adaptations of mature technologies, and approaches for their use, placed within the framework of Arctic Ocean observing needs.
Image credit: Chris Cox
Read Story
Publications & References
Recent Publications
Calmer R., G. de Boer, J. Hamilton, D. Lawrence, M. Webster, N. Wright, M.D. Shupe, C. Cox, J. Cassano (2023)
Perspectives on relationships between summertime surface albedo and melt pond fraction in the central Arctic Ocean from uncrewed aircraft systems,
Elementa
.
Access Link
Clemens-Sewall, D., C. Polashenski, M. M. Frey, C. J. Cox, M. A. Granskog, A. Macfarlane, S. W. Fons, J. Schmale, J. K. Hutchings, L. von Albedyll, D. Perovich
(2023) Snow loss into leads in Arctic sea ice: Minimal in typical wintertime conditions, but high in exceptional conditions,
Geophysical Research Letters
Access Link
Heinemann, G., L. Schefczyk, S. Willmes, M.D. Shupe, (2022), Verification of regional climate model simulations of near-surface variables for the MOSAiC winter period.
Elementa
, 10(1), https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2022.00033
Access Link
Herrmannsdorfer, L., M. Mueller, M.D. Shupe, and P. Rostosky, (2023), Surface temperature comparison of the Arctic winter MOSAiC observations, EFA5 reanalysis and MODIS satellite retrieval.
Elementa
, 11:1, https://doi/org/10.1525/elementa.2022.00085
Access Link
Huang, Y, P.C. Taylor, F.G. Rose, D.A. Rutan, M.D. Shupe, M. Webster, M.M. Smith (2022), Towards a more realistic representation of surface albedo in NASA CERES-derived surface radiative fluxes: a comparison with the MOSAiC field campaign.
Elementa
, 10(1), https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2022.00013
Access Link
Jozef, G., R. Rauterkus, J.J. Cassano, B. Maronga, G. de Boer, S. Dahlke, and C. Cox, (2023a), Derivation and compilation of atmospheric boundary layer properties relating to temperature, wind, stability, moisture, and surface radiation budget over the central Arctic sea ice during MOSAiC.
Earth System Science Data
.
Access Link
Jozef, G., J. Cassano, S. Dahlke, M. Dice, C.J. Cox, and G. de Boer (2023b), An overview of the vertical structure of the atmospheric boundary layer in the Central Arctic during MOSAiC.
Elementa
, submitted.
Access Link
Jozef, G., J.J. Cassano, S. Dahlke, M. Dice, C.J. Cox, and G. de Boer, (2023c), Thermodynamic and kinematic drivers of atmospheric boundary layer stability in the central Arctic during MOSAiC,
Elementa
, submitted.
Access Link
Jung, J. and J. Wilson (with contributions from T. Uttal) (2022), Year of Polar Prediction – Achievements and Impacts. Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7355088
Access Link
Kirbus, B., S. Tiedeck, A. Camplani, J. Chylik, S. Crewell, S. Dahlke, K. Ebell, I. Gorodetskaya, H. Griesche, D. Handorf, I. Hoeschel, M. Lauer, R. Neggers, J. Rueckert, M.D. Shupe, G. Spreen, A. Walbroel, M. Wendisch, A. Rinke (2023), Surface impacts and associated mechanisms of a moisture intrusion into the Arctic observed in mid-April 2020 during MOSAiC.
Frontiers in Earth Science
, 11, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2023.1147848
Access Link
Lee, C., M. DeGrandpre, J. Guthrie, V. Hill, R. Kwok, J. Morison, C. Cox, H. Singh, T. Stanton, J. Wilkinson (2022):
Emerging technologies for observing the Arctic Ocean.
Oceanography
, 35(3-4), https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2022.127.
Access Link
Oehri et al. (inc S. Morris and C. Cox) (2022), Vegetation type is an important predictor of the arctic land surface energy budget,
Nature Communications
, 13, 6379, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34049-3
Access Link
Smith, M.M., B. Light, A. Macfarlane, D. Perovich, M.M. Holland, and M.D. Shupe, (2022), The sensitivity of the Arctic ice cover to surface scattering layers.
Geophysical Research Letters
. 49, e2022GL098349, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL098349
Access Link
Wilson, J. et al. (inc
T. Uttal
) (2023), The YOPP Final Summit: Assessing past and forecasting future polar prediction research.
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Societ
y, 104(3), E660-E665, https://doi.org/10/1175/BAMS-D-22-0282.1
Access Link
Submitted For Review
Cox, C.J., M. Gallagher, M.D. Shupe, P.O.G. Persson, A. Solomon, C.W. Fairall, T. Ayers, B. Blomquist, I.M. Brooks, D. Costa, A. Grachev, D. Gottas, J. K. Hutchings, M. Kutchenreiter, J. Leach, S.M. Morris, V. Morris, J. Osborn, S. Pezoa, A. Preusser, L. Riihimaki, and T. Uttal
(2023a), Continuous observations of the surface energy budget and meteorology over Arctic sea ice during MOSAiC,
Nature Scientific Data
.
Cox, C., A. Solomon, O. Persson, M. Shupe, M. Gallagher, V. Walden, M. Town, and D. Perovich (2023b), Resiliency of the sea ice to warming from early spring southerly advection.
To be submitted
,
Geophys. Res. Lett.
Cox, C., Z. Lawrence, and S. Dahlke (2023c), Linkages between anomalous mid-April warming at MOSAiC and the evolution of the 2020 polar vortex.
To be submitted
,
Elementa.
Day, J. et al. (inc T. Uttal, S. Morris) (
in prep
), The YOPP site Model Intercomparison Project (YOPPsiteMIP) phase 1: project overview and Arctic winter forecast evaluation.
Earth System Dynamics.
Guy, H., I.M. Brooks, D.D. Turner, C.J. Cox, P.M. Rowe, M.D. Shupe, V.P. Walden, and R.R. Neely III (2023) Observations of fog-aerosol interactions over central Greenland,
Journal of Geophysical Research – Atmospheres
,
in review
.
Intrieri, J., A. Solomon, C.J. Cox, O. Persson, G. de Boer, M. Hughes, A. Capatondi, and M. Shupe (2023) Evaluation of the NOAA Experimental Coupled Arctic Forecast System (CAFS),
to be submitted
,
Frontiers
Morris, S.M. et al. (inc T. Uttal, C. Cox) (in prep) Special Observing Period (SOP) data for the Year of Polar Prediction site Model Intercomparison Project (YOPPsiteMIP),
Earth System Science Data
,
submitted
.
Neff, W., M.D. Shupe, C.J. Cox, and M. Gallagher (2023) Heat waves, hurricanes, atmospheric rivers, and the melting of Greenland,
Journal of Geophysical Research – Atmospheres
,
in prep
.
Rabe et al. (inc. C.J. Cox, M.D. Shupe, O. Persson) (2023) The MOSAiC Distributed Network: an integrated system of autonomous ice-tethered buoys for multidisciplinary atmosphere, snow, ice and ocean observations,
Elementa
,
in prep
.
Riihimaki et al. (inc.
C. Cox
) (2023) Ocean Surface Radiation Best Practices,
Frontiers in Marine Science
,
in prep
.
Sledd, A., M. Shupe, A. Solomon, C. Cox, D. Perovich, and R. Lei (2023), Snow thermal conductivity and conductive fluxes in the Central Arctic: estimates from observations and implications for models.
Elementa
,
in prep
.
Solomon, A., M. D. Shupe, G. Svensson, N. P. Barton, Y. Batrak, E. Bazile, J. J. Day, J. D. Doyle, H. P. Frank, S. Keeley, T. Remes, M. Tolstykh (2022), An evaluation of short-term forecasts of wintertime boundary-layer and surface energy balance statistics in the Central Arctic.
Elementa
,
accepted
.
Thielke, L., M. Huntemann, G. Spreen, C.J. Cox, V. Ludwig, and M.D. Shupe (2023), Differences in sensible heat exchange based on satellite sub-footprint variability. Thesis chapter, PhD Dissertation, University of Bremen.
Uttal, T. et al. (inc S. Morris, C. Cox) (2023) Merged Observatory Data Files (MODFs): An integrated research data product supporting process oriented investigation and diagnostics.
Nature Scientific Data
,
submitted
.
Selected Presentations
Cox, C. and A. Solomon (2023), Assessment of P8 using observations from Utqiaġvik (Barrow), Alaska,
NWS-EMC Couple Global Modelling WG
, 1, February 2023, online.
Shupe, M. (2023) 2nd MOSAiC Conference Readout,
OAR Arctic All-Hands Meeting
, 10 March, 2023, online.
Additional Links & Resources
Arctic Mobile Observing System Website
Access Link
MOSAiC Data Policy Statement
Access Link
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Distribution of harmful algal blooms (DON ANDERSON) - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Distribution and Prevalence of Harmful Algal Blooms in Arctic Waters
Tracking the impact of harmful algal blooms in the Arctic
Jump to data
The
Harmful Algal Bloom
(HAB)
Project
is dedicated to examining the prevalence of different HAB species in Arctic seas using sediment and water samples collected on research cruises in the Bering, Beaufort, and Chukchi seas. Partnering collaborators were contacted to collect HAB samples from other areas on different cruises.
The resulting large cyst bed of
Alexandrium catenalla
found between cruise-collected samples is unparalleled compared to previous years, leading to the concern of warming waters and additional spreading of these organisms to different areas within and outside studied areas. Future research includes conceptual modeling and categorizing the spread of HAB taxa, as well as incorporating an Imaging Flow Cytobot (IFCB) within monitoring activities.
Alaskan (2018–2020) and Gulf of Maine (2004–2012) Alexandrium catenella cyst abundance in surface sediments, depicted on the same scale (Albers Equal-Area Conic projection). Sites visited across multiple years were averaged to create these composite maps.
Don Anderson
Primary Investigator
danderson@whoi.edu
Project Institution
: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Partnerships
: NSF
Award Period
:
01 October 2021 – 30 September 2022
Vessels Information
: R/V Norseman II, R/V Sikuliaq, Cruises of Opportunity (during the 2022 Bering Arctic Subarctic Integrated Survey and the Northern Bering Sea Survey)
What Are Harmful Algal Blooms?
Due to climate change, many aquatic microorganisms are flourishing from high levels of nutrients and warmer waters, causing for algal blooms to occur more frequently in the Arctic sea. Although most species are harmless, two harmful algal bloom (HAB) species are posing large threats to human, ocean, and ecosystem health.
One is a toxic dinoflagellate called Alexandrium catenella, responsible for infecting shellfish that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). The second is a toxic diatom called Pseudo-nitzschia, responsible for amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP). This is concerning for Alaskan sea regions, as extremely high concentrations of dormant A. catenella have been documented in samples from the Chukchi Sea, alluding that HAB events have already begun to affect the stability of local resources.
Alexandrium catenella
Pseudo-nitzschia
Satellite image of Alexandrium catenalla algal bloom in the Bering Sea.
Alexandrium catenella
Pseudo-nitzschia
Satellite image of Alexandrium catenalla algal bloom in the Bering Sea.
Alexandrium catenella
Pseudo-nitzschia
Satellite image of Alexandrium catenalla algal bloom in the Bering Sea.
Data Access
About The Datasets
Offshore sampling for harmful algal bloom (HAB) species was conducted in two back-to-back research cruises aboard the R/V Norseman II (July 19, 2022 – August 15,  2022, 28 days and August 17, 2022 to Sept. 6, 2022, 21 days).
Along with collecting water and sediment samples, an Imaging FlowCytobot (IFCB) was configured to collect phytoplankton imagery along the cruise track. Net tows and benthic invertebrate samples were also collected to measure levels of the food web.
By The Numbers
Between both cruises, 120 sediment grabs were collected, 47 net tows were deployed, and water samples were collected across multiple depths at 191 locations. Additional sediment and water samples were collected aboard cruises of opportunity, including the 2022 Bering  Arctic Subarctic Integrated Survey (BASIS, 8/12/22 – 9/11/22) and the Northern Bering Sea  Survey (NBS, 8/27/22 – 9/20/22).
2018 Healy Cruise Data
Access Link
2019 Healy Cruise Data
Access Link
Alexandrium catenella planktonic cell distribution in the Alaskan Arctic (2018-2019)
Access Link
Alexandrium catenella resting cyst distribution in the Alaskan Arctic (2018-2019)
Access Link
Imaging FlowCytobot (IFCB) Data
Access Link
(a) An Imaging FlowCytobot (IFCB). Image credit: Michael Brosnahan, WHOI (b) Examples of phytoplankton imaging data that the instrument produces. A single water sample collected from shipboard underway seawater in the Chukchi Sea during an August 2018 cruise contained Alexandrium (red boxes) and Pseudo-nitzschia (blue boxes). (c) Post-processing of IFCB imagery classifies cells by type, allowing easy identification and quantification of HAB cells, including Alexandrium, Pseudo-nitzschia, Karenia, and Dinophysis.
Featured Publication
Harmful algal blooms in the Alaskan Arctic: an emerging threat as oceans warm
March 1, 2023
Donald M. Anderson
,
Evangeline Fachon
,
Katherine Hubbard
,
Kathi A. Lefebvre
,
Peigen Lin
,
Robert Pickart
,
Mindy Richlen
,
Gay Sheffield
, and
Caroline Van Hemert
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) present an emerging threat to human and ecosystem health in the Alaskan Arctic. Two HAB toxins are of concern in the region: saxitoxins (STXs), a family of compounds produced by the dinoflagellate
Alexandrium catenella
, and domoic acid (DA), produced by multiple species in the diatom genus
Pseudo-nitzschia
. These potent neurotoxins cause paralytic and amnesic shellfish poisoning, respectively, in humans, and can accumulate in marine organisms through food web transfer, causing illness and mortality among a suite of wildlife species.
Read Story
Publications & References
Full List of Publications
Anderson, D.M., E. Fachon, K. Hubbard, K.A. Lefebvre, P. Lin, R.S. Pickart, M. Richlen, G.Sheffield, C. Van Hemert. 2022. Harmful Algal Blooms in the Alaskan Arctic: An Emerging Threat as Oceans Warm. Oceanography (35). https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2022.121
Read Paper
Dai, Y., Yang, S., Zhao, D., Hu, C., Xu, W., Anderson, D.M., et al., 2023. Coastal phytoplankton blooms expand and intensify in the 21st century. Nature 615, p. 280–284.
Read Paper
Erdner, D.L., Richlen, M.R., McCauley, L.A.R., Anderson, D.M., 2011. Diversity and Dynamics  of a Widespread Bloom of the Toxic Dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense. PloS one 6(7),  e22965.
Read Paper
Harmful Algal Bloom Task Force. 2022.  Progress and Recommendations Regarding Red Tide (Karenia brevis) Blooms.  St. Petersburg, FL: Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. Consensus document #2, December 2021. https://myfwc.com/media/28286/habtf-consensus-2.pdf
Read Paper
Hubbard, K.A., Rocap, G. and Armbrust, E., 2008. Inter-and intraspecific community structure  within the diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia (Bacillariophyceae). Journal of Phycology, 44(3),  pp.637-649.
Read Paper
Hubbard, K.A., Olson, C.H. and Armbrust, E.V., 2014. Molecular characterization of Pseudo nitzschia community structure and species ecology in a hydrographically complex estuarine  system (Puget Sound, Washington, USA). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 507, p.39.
Read Paper
Hubbard KA, Villac MC, Chadwick C, DeSmidt AA, Flewelling L, et al., 2023. Spatiotemporal transitions in Pseudo-nitzschia species assemblages and domoic acid along the Alaska coast. PLOS ONE 18(3): e0282794.
Read Paper
Lefebvre, K.A., Fachon, E., Bowers, E.K., Kimmel, D.G., Snyder, J.A., Stimmelmayr, R., Grebmeier, J.M., Kibler, S., Hardison, D.R., Anderson, D.M. and Kulis, D., 2022. Paralytic shellfish toxins in Alaskan Arctic food webs during the anomalously warm ocean conditions of 2019 and estimated toxin doses to Pacific walruses and bowhead whales. Harmful Algae, 114, p.102205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2022.102205
Read Paper
Richlen, M.L., Erdner, D.L., McCauley, L.A.R., Libera, K., Anderson, D.M., 2012. Extensive  genetic diversity and rapid population differentiation during blooms of Alexandrium fundyense  (Dinophyceae) in an isolated salt pond on Cape Cod, MA, USA. Ecology and Evolution, 2(10):  2583-2594
Read Paper
Submitted Abstracts
10/24/22, Fachon, E., Kulis, D., Richlen, M., Uva, V. Lefebvre, K., Anderson, D., Toxin profiles  of A. catenella isolates and bloom populations from the Northern Bering and Chukchi Seas, 11th  U.S. Symposium on Harmful Algae, Albany, New York, poster & talk.
10/24/22, Spada, Nathaniel, Anderson, D.M., Kulis, D., Uva, Victoria, Long-term preservation  of Alexandrium catenella cells for FISH hybridization , 11th U.S. Symposium on Harmful  Algae, Albany, New York, poster and talk
10/24/22, Don Anderson, Evie Fachon, Robert Pickart, Alexis Fischer, Dave Kulis, Nate Spada,  Kali Horn, Mike Brosnahan, Mindy Richlen, Peigen Lin, Leah McRaven, Kate Hubbard, Kathi  LeFebvre, Large-scale Alexandrium catenella blooms in the Alaskan Arctic: new observations  and analyses, 11th U.S. Symposium on Harmful Algae, Albany, New York
10/24/22, Lefebvre, K.A., Anderson, D. M., Fachon, E., Bowers, E., et al., , Algal toxins in  Arctic food webs and estimated doses to Pacific walruses and bowhead whales, 11th U.S.  Symposium on Harmful Algae, Albany, New York
10/20/22, Anderson, D.M., Toxic algae blooms in the Arctic, Arctic Clash: Geopolitics and the  Environment, NSF-USC Workshop on Arctic Climate Change and Security, University of Southern California DC Center
9/16/22, Anderson, D.M., Harmful Algae in Western Alaska: Summer 2022 Bloom Event, Strait.
Science Series, University of Alaska Fairbanks (online)
Link To Recording
Project Photo Gallery
Ice off the bow of the USCG Healy
Collection of sediment cores for cyst processing.
The coastal town of Point Hope as seen from the R/V Norseman II as it heads north into the Chukchi Sea
Orcas are one such animal affected by harmful algal blooms
A dashboard image from the IFCB shows high concentrations of the Alexandrium (dark round cells) found in a Bering Strait water sample.
Arctic Sea sediment samples before processing
Arctic Sea sediment samples after processing
Imaging FlowCytobot on the USCG Healy ship
Alexandrium cultures in the incubator at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Anderson Lab.
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Climate change • Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns. Human activities have been the main driver of climate change, primarily due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas.
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Climate change
Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns. Human activities have been the main driver of climate change, primarily due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas.
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EcoFOCI (PHYLLIS STABENO) - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Working with GOMO
The Ocean
Menu Toggle
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Monitoring Platforms
Research
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Arctic Research Program
Argo Program
Extreme Events Program
Glider Network
Global Drifter Program
Global Tropical Moored Buoy Array
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Ecosystem Fisheries Oceanography Coordinated Investigations (EcoFOCI)
Improving understanding of factors affecting the health and populations of ecologically and commercially important fish and other species, and how ecosystems respond to change.
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The unparalleled warming, reduced ice spread, and early sea ice retreat occurring in the Arctic has enormous implications for surrounding ecosystems and Arctic biotic interactions. This project aims to improve understanding of factors affecting the health and populations of ecologically and commercially important fish and other species, and how ecosystems respond to change.
The
Ecosystem Fisheries Oceanography Coordinated Investigations (EcoFOCI) project
collects time series data of temperature, salinity, chlorophyll fluorescence, oxygen, light and currents at nine mooring sites, along with hydrographic surveys and plankton sampling in the Chukchi Sea and the Distributed Biological Observatory (DBO) Regions 1-5. This project involves Arctic cruise expeditions, which examine physical, chemical (nutrients and oxygen) and biological (chlorophyll, ichthyo-, and zooplankton, and benthic fish and invertebrates) distributions in the northern Bering Sea and the Chukchi Sea. In addition to providing annual time series of physical, chemical and biological variables, the mooring data collected provide estimates of transport of Pacific water and heat exiting the Chukchi shelf through Barrow Canyon.
Phyllis Stabeno
Principal Investigator
phyllis.stabeno@noaa.gov
Project Institution
:
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory
Partnerships
: AFSC, Marine Mammal Laboratory, ITAE, PMEL Genetics and Genomics Group, PMEL Nutrients Program, WHOI, DBO
Award Period
:
01 October 2021 – 30 September 2022
Vessels Information
: R/V Sikuliaq & USCGC Healy
Data Access
EcoFOCI Main Data Page
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EcoFOCI data available through PMEL ERDDAP data server:
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EcoFOCI Prawler data, 2016-2019 subset
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EcoFOCI Bering Sea, 2010-2017
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EcoFOCI Chukchi Sea profile data, 2010-2012
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EcoFOCI Early Arctic Data, 1986-1991
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EcoFOCI profile data from cruise DY1104
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EcoFOCI profile data from cruise DY1408
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EcoFOCI profile data from cruise DY1104
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EcoFOCI profile data from cruise MF0904L2
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EcoFOCI Shelikof Line 8 Data, 1981-open
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Featured Publication
Climate-driven shifts in pelagic fish distributions in a rapidly changing Pacific Arctic
April 2023
Robert M. Levine, Alex De Robertis, Daniel Grünbaum, Sharon Wildes, Edward V. Farley, Phyllis J. Stabeno, Christopher D. Wilson
Baseline surveys of offshore pelagic fishes in the eastern Chukchi Sea in 2012 and 2013 found that age-0 Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) dominated the pelagic fish community in summer, with relatively few adults present in the region. Since this time, drastic changes in the ocean-atmosphere-ice feedback loop have led to continued warming, further reducing ice cover, and increased northward transport has led to an increase in Pacific-origin waters on the Chukchi shelf in summer. The substantial increase in abundance of age-0 pollock in recent years suggests that environmental conditions now allow this species to extend its northern range into the southern and central Chukchi Sea, at least on a seasonal basis. The changes in abundance and species composition of pelagic fishes in the 2012–2019 time series are tightly coupled to recent changes in sea ice, temperature, and the increasing transport of Bering Sea waters through Bering Strait into the Chukchi Sea.
Image credit: NOAA Office of Response & Restoration
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Publications & References
Most Recent Publications
FULL EcoFOCI PUBLICATIONS LIST
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Crance, J. L., C. L. Berchok, B. M. Kimber, J. M. Harlacher, E. K. Braen, and M. C. Ferguson, 2022. Year-round distribution of bearded seals, Erignathus barbatus, throughout the Alaskan Chukchi and northern Bering Sea. Deep Sea Res. II: 206:105215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2022.105215
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Danielson, S.L., J.M. Grebmeier, K. Iken, C. Berchok, L. Britt, K.H. Dunton, L. Eisner, E.V. Farley, A. Fujiwara, D.D.W. Hauser, M. Itoh, T. Kikuchi, S. Kotwicki, K.J. Kuletz, C.W. Mordy, S. Nishino, C. Peralta-Ferriz, R.S. Pickart, P.J. Stabeno, K.M. Stafford, A.V. Whiting, and R. Woodgate, 2022: Monitoring Alaskan Arctic shelf ecosystems through collaborative observation networks. Oceanography, 35(2), 52,  https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2022.119
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Jorgensen, L. L., E. A. Logerwell, N. Strelkova, D. Zakharov, V. Roy, C. Nozeres, B. A. Bluhm, S. Hilma Ólagsdottir, J. M. Burgos, J. Sorensen, O. Zimina and K. Rand, 2022. International megabenthic long-term monitoring of a changing arctic ecosystem: Baseline results. Prog. Oceanog. 200:102712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2021.102712
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Lefebvre, K.A., E. Fachon, E.K. Bowers, D.G. Kimmel, J.A. Snyder, R. Stimmelmayr, J.M. Grebmeier, S. Kibler, R. Hardison, D.M. Anderson, D. Kulis, J. Murphy, J.C. Gann, D. Cooper, L.B. Eisner, J.T. Duffy-Anderson, G. Sheffield, R.S. Pickart, A. Mounsey, M.L. Willis, P. Stabeno, and E. Siddon, 2022: Paralytic shellfish toxins in Alaskan Arctic food webs during the anomalously warm ocean conditions of 2019 and estimated toxin doses to Pacific walruses and bowhead whales. Harmful Algae, 114, 102205,  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2022.102205
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Moore S.E., J.T. Clarke, S.R. Okkonen, J.M. Grebmeier, C.L. Berchok, and K.M. Stafford, 2022. Changes in gray whale phenology and distribution related to prey variability and ocean biophysics in the northern Bering and eastern Chukchi seas. PLoS ONE 17(4): e0265934. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265934
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Muto, M. M., V. T. Helker, B. J. Delean, N. C. Young, J. C. Freed, R. P. Angliss, N. A. Friday, P. L. Boveng, J. M. Breiwick, B. M. Brost, M. F. Cameron, P. J. Clapham, J. L. Crance, S. P. Dahle, M. E. Dahlheim, B. S. Fadley, M. C. Ferguson, L. W. Fritz, K. T. Goetz, R. C. Hobbs,Y. V. Ivashchenko, A. S. Kennedy, J. M. London, S. A. Mizroch, R. R. Ream, E. L. Richmond, K. E. W. Shelden, K. L. Sweeney, R. G. Towell, P. R. Wade, J. M. Waite, and A. N. Zerbini, 2022. Alaska marine mammal stock assessments, 2021. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-AFSC-441, 295 p.
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Publications In Review
McCabe, R. M., P. J. Stabeno, et al.
(in preparation)
Estimates of heat transport through the Chukchi Sea to the Beaufort Sea from a decade of in situ observations. Part of the NPRB sponsored AIERP.
Mordy, C.W., P. Stabeno, H. Hristova
(in preparation)
. Interannual variability of salts and nutrients at the Distributed Biological Observatory Site DBO 1. Part of the NPRB sponsored AIERP.
Stabeno, P. and R. McCabe (
accepted
). Flow patterns over the Chukchi continental shelf: 2010-2020: A decade of observations in the Chukchi Sea. Part of the NPRB sponsored AIERP.
Sullivan, M.E. and Stabeno, P.J. (
revised, in review
). A decade of measurements of ice draft in the Chukchi Sea. Part of the NPRB sponsored AIERP.
Additional Links & Resources
EcoFOCI Website
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Maps
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EcoFOCI Cruise Catalog
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EcoFOCI Data Management Plan
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GOMO HEADQUARTERS
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gomo@noaa.gov
SUBSCRIBE TO OUR NEWSLETTER
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ABOUT US
The Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing (GOMO) Program is the U.S. Federal source and international leader for sustained, in situ global ocean observations and information in support of research, monitoring, and prediction.
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NOAA
CONTACT US
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