Jessica Mkitarian - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Jessica Mkitarian
Communications Specialist
Email:
jessica.mkitarian@noaa.gov
Phone: (301) 427-2472
Jessica is GOMO’s first full-time Communications Specialist, responsible for all internal and external communications, including the newsletter, digital campaigns, sharing and reporting news and stories within NOAA and to public audiences. Since 2019, Jessica has also helped lead NOAA Research’s annual Women’s History Month digital campaign that showcases the #womenofNOAA with profile interviews.
Jessica has a diverse background in environmental science, marketing and communications, and education and outreach. She cofounded the nonprofit organization Smarty Pants, which has the mission of creating educational media to teach kids science and inspire environmental stewardship. In addition to NOAA, Jessica has government experience at the city level working in water conservation marketing, outreach, and education. Jessica has a BA in Economics from Boston University and a Master’s in Environmental Science and Management from the Bren School at UC Santa Barbara, where she specialized in coastal marine resource management and eco-entrepreneurship.
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CDR Brian E. Elliot - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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CDR Brian E. Elliot
Associate Director for Operations
Email: brian.e.elliot@noaa.gov
Commander Brian Elliot currently holds the position of Associate Director for Operations at the Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing (GOMO) with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Corps. His responsibilities include coordinating vessel operations essential for GOMO’s mission, utilizing NOAA, university, and private charter vessels for GOMO’s various projects. Additionally, he serves as the contract manager for the satellite communications portfolio, ensuring successful communication from thousands of global observing systems. As Program Manager for the Global Tropical Moored Buoy Array (GTMBA) and Ocean Climate Stations (OCS), Commander Elliot manages several critical research arrays, including the Research Moored Array for African-Asian-Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction (RAMA) in the Indian Ocean, the Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA) Northeast Extension (PNE) in the Atlantic, and OCS PAPA and Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO) in the Pacific.
His previous assignments have equipped him with extensive experience in global maritime operations. Commander Elliot has served as the Navigation Officer on the NOAA Ship Hi’ialakai, Operations Officer on the NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown, and Executive Officer on the NOAA Ship Fairweather. In addition, his shore assignments include, the Advanced Survey Technologies Officer at the Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Executive Officer at the NOAA Small Boat Program Office, and Program Manager of the NOAA Small Boat Program.
Commander Elliot’s academic background include an associate’s degree in engineering design and a bachelor’s degree in manufacturing engineering from Northern Michigan University. Furthermore, he has pursued diverse graduate and executive education programs covering emerging technologies, leadership, management and human resource management at University of Michigan, Stanford University, Oxford University, and the Wharton School. Currently, he is advancing his education with a master’s degree focused on international affairs, security, and strategy.
Residing in the greater Washington D.C. area, Commander Elliot and his family—comprising his wife, young daughter, and golden retriever—enjoy embarking on family road trips and discovering the charm of small towns, scenic backroads, and secluded parks.
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Elizabeth Swiney - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Elizabeth Swiney
Program Administrator
Email:
Elizabeth.Swiney@noaa.gov

Phone: (301) 427-2475
Elizabeth is responsible for providing program and administrative support to the office. She serves as the NOAA Research & Development Database (NRDD) manager, Adopt a Drifter program liaison, GOMO’s undergraduate internship coordinator, foreign/domestic travel arranger, and meeting coordinator. She also assists with special projects. Prior to coming to GOMO, Elizabeth worked as a program analyst in the NOAA NESDIS CFO/CAO office as well as program support to the Hollings Scholarship Team in the NOAA Office of Education. Elizabeth graduated from Towson University in Towson, MD, with a B.S. in Communication Studies.
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Heather Heenehan - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Heather Heenehan
Education and Outreach Specialist
Email:
heather.heenehan@noaa.gov
Phone: (202) 656-0562
Heather Heenehan joined GOMO in August 2024 as the inaugural Education and Outreach Specialist. She is looking forward to helping to advance and improve GOMO’s education, outreach, and capacity building projects and their impact.
Heather comes to GOMO with a diverse background and a wide range of experiences in marine science, education, and outreach. She received her Ph.D. in Marine Science and Conservation and Master of Environmental Management degrees from Duke University and her Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science from the University of Connecticut. She completed postdoctoral training with Dr. Sofie Van Parijs, the Chief of the Passive Acoustics Branch of NOAA’s Northeast Fisheries Science Center in Woods Hole, MA. Heather is a university educator and former K-12 educator having taught formally for seven years (and counting). Most recently she served as an outreach coordinator working to build support and partnerships for offshore wind projects in New England.
Even when her roles focused on scientific research, like in graduate school or during her postdoctoral training, Heather always spent time doing education and outreach work since it was where she drew a lot of inspiration, joy, and energy. She has taught “preK to gray” audiences on ships, in salt marshes, on beaches, in gardens, and in traditional classrooms. She is looking forward to bringing her joy for teaching and outreach to help share GOMO’s story!
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Melissa Hiatt - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Melissa Hiatt
Web Developer
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Melissa.Hiatt@noaa.gov
Melissa Hiatt is a Web Developer supporting both NOAA’s Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program and Ocean Acidification Program. She has extensive experience in full-stack web development, UI/UX design, graphic design, advertising, and marketing. Melissa has worked with a diverse array of clients and has focused on nonprofit organizations for over a decade. One of her passions is to bring arts and sciences into the classroom and has volunteered as a STEM and art instructor for elementary school students.
Melissa was born and raised in Southern California and enjoys spending time with her family, playing the piano and guitar, cooking, going to the beach, camping, and traveling by land, sea, and air.
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Tonya Young - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Tonya Young
Administrative Officer
Email:
tonya.young@noaa.gov
Tonya Young is an Administrative Officer for the Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program (GOMO). She previously worked at NOAA/NESDIS/STAR as the Administrative Officer/Human Resources for seven years. Prior to joining NOAA, Ms. Young worked at the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Surgeon General as an Administrative Officer primarily responsible for Budget and Human Resources. Ms. Young has also worked at The Department of Homeland Security, and the Department of Defense.
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Larry Martin - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Larry Martin
Budget Analyst
Email:
larry.martin@noaa.gov
Phone: (240) 624-0669
Larry Martin brings over 25 years of experience in budget analysis, grant management, and contract supervision to GOMO. Throughout his career, Larry has held pivotal roles at prestigious organizations such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Johns Hopkins University, and the City of Baltimore, specifically within the Mayor’s Office. In these roles, he gained extensive expertise in managing complex financial operations, ensuring compliance, and overseeing large-scale budgets.
At NIH, Larry was responsible for a portfolio that included managing and reporting on a budget of $3.1 billion. His role demanded exceptional attention to detail, strategic financial oversight, and the ability to navigate the complexities of federal funding regulations. He worked closely with multiple departments and stakeholders to ensure that funds were allocated efficiently and in alignment with the agency’s goals.
In addition to his work at NIH, Larry’s tenure at Johns Hopkins and the City of Baltimore further honed his skills in budget analysis and grant management. He was instrumental in supervising grant and contract teams, providing leadership and guidance to ensure the smooth execution of projects. His expertise in managing financial data and reporting outcomes helped drive success in various initiatives, from academic research projects at Johns Hopkins to city-wide programs under the Mayor’s Office.
Larry’s commitment to public service, coupled with his deep understanding of financial management, makes him an asset to the GOMO team. His vast experience in large-scale budget management, along with his proficiency in grant and contract oversight, uniquely positions him to contribute to GOMO’s continued success.
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Mary Beth Armstrong - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Mary Beth Armstrong
Arctic Research Program Knauss Fellow
MB brings a unique background in environmental policy and science communication, with strong experience in outreach and capacity building. She recently earned a professional master’s degree from the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, focusing on managing nutrient pollution from high tide flooding in the Chesapeake Bay. She collaborated across Virginia state and local agencies to develop recommendations for improving water quality in response to this growing challenge.
Prior to the Knauss Fellowship, she interned with the Coastal States Organization, supporting coastal nonpoint source pollution and habitat restoration initiatives. Originally from Iowa, MB completed a bachelor’s degree in Environmental Studies at George Mason University. She has over a decade of experience in competitive debate under her belt, and continues to coach and mentor high school debaters, electing to spend many of her weekends judging and coaching at debate tournaments. Outside of work, MB enjoys cooking and is attempting to  recreate national dishes from around the world with a friend.
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Sandra Casseus - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Sandra Casseus
Grants Management Specialist
Email:
sandra.casseus@noaa.gov
Sandra Casseus is the new Grants Management Specialist at GOMO, bringing with her 10 years of experience in grants administration. Sandra has a strong background in supporting research and managing grants across a variety of sectors. Before joining GOMO, she spent 3.5 years working as the Grant Management Specialist for AGOs Grants Management Division, where she developed expertise in managing complex research grants.
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News - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Scientific discoveries and program achievements for the advancement of global ocean monitoring and observing.
Image Credit: Ivan Bandura, Unsplash
Meet our 2025 Knauss Fellow, Mary Beth Armstrong
Following our annual tradition of hosting Sea Grant Knauss Fellows, this February the Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing (GOMO) Program welcomed Mary Beth Armstrong! Mary Beth (who goes by MB),
Read More >
March 3, 2025
NOAA Research Releases First-of-its-Kind Ocean Carbon Observing Science Plan
The Importance of Coordinated NOAA Research Ocean Carbon Science and Observations On January 16th, 2025, NOAA Research released an Ocean Carbon Observing Science Plan. Ocean, coastal, and Great Lake carbon
Read More >
January 16, 2025
From vision to action: New NOAA strategic framework sets path for more resilient Arctic
This is a repost of a NOAA.gov web story published on January 8, 2025. Modified February 14, 2025. Today, NOAA released its Arctic Vision and Strategy — a framework that outlines actions
Read More >
January 14, 2025
Celebrating 25 years of Argo, the ‘crown jewel’ of ocean observing systems
On December 11th at the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, a crowd gathered at the NOAA Booth to celebrate two major accomplishments: the 25 year anniversary of the Argo Program
Read More >
December 13, 2024
Arctic tundra becoming source of carbon dioxide emissions: 2024 Arctic Report Card released
On December 10th, NOAA’s 2024 Arctic Report Card was released at a press conference hosted by the American Geophysical Union (AGU) as part of its Fall Meeting. Opening remarks were
Read More >
December 10, 2024
Discrepancies in ocean carbon sink estimates persist, how NOAA is making progress to close the gap
2024 Global Carbon Budget Report Released Every year, scientists from around the world, including NOAA experts, work together to produce the Global Carbon Budget. This annual scientific report tracks the
Read More >
November 15, 2024
The power of collaboration in advancing Arctic research
This article was edited on 2/10/2025 Every facet of the Arctic, from sea ice to permafrost, from fisheries to shorelines, is responding to the effects of climate change, which is
Read More >
November 15, 2024
We’re Hiring! Two Physical Scientist/Program Manager Positions
NOAA’s Global Ocean Monitoring & Observing Program (GOMO) is excited to announce openings for two physical scientist positions. Based on the expertise of the successful applicants, these Silver Spring-based positions
Read More >
October 28, 2024
NOAA Ocean Acidification Program & GOMO fund $3M for optimizing ocean carbon observing
The NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (OAP), in partnership with NOAA’s Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing (GOMO) Program is pleased to announce the awardees for the FY24 Coastal and Ocean Carbon
Read More >
October 8, 2024
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Ocean Heat - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Ocean Heat
The Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program conducts long-term ocean observations that help us better predict and prepare for the impacts of hotter seas, including rising coastlines, changing fisheries, coral bleaching, and more frequent storms.
Visualization of global sea surface temperatures.
Image Credit: NOAA Climate Program Office
About the Program
The global ocean is getting
warmer
.
NOAA is dedicated to understanding how much and how fast the ocean will warm, and what the ripple effects will be. Measuring changes in ocean conditions, producing datasets and tools that are accessible for a range of users, and improving model projections are a few ways that we are empowering leaders and communities across the globe to make informed marine management decisions.
Time series visualization of of daily average Sea Surface Temperature (click image to expand).
Use the slider to view the 2013 vs. 2024 sea surface temperature anomalies. The colors indicate the temperature difference in degrees Celsius.
Image Credit:
Climatereanalyzer.org
, Climate Change Institute, University of Maine
What happens in the ocean doesn’t stay in the ocean.
Increasing ocean temperatures affect people on land, atmospheric processes, glaciers and ice sheets, and living organisms everywhere.
Image Credit: NOAA
Ocean heat impacts our weather
The ocean and atmosphere exchange gases which affect things like how much heat or moisture the air can hold. This, in turn, influences weather across the globe. Warmer ocean waters are connected to changes in day-to-day weather, stronger storm events, like
hurricanes
, and influence longer-term climate events such as
El Niño and La Niña
.
With the frequency of
billion-dollar weather and climate events
increasing, understanding the role of ocean heat in future storm projections is critical to protect communities and infrastructure.
Ocean heat impacts our coastlines
Polar ice sheets may seem far away, but the response of these frozen masses to increasingly hotter ocean waters impacts us worldwide. As interactions between warming ocean waters and ice shelves (floating extensions of ice on land) drive increased rates of ice melt, more ice moves from land to the ocean and causes global sea level to rise. This sea level change impacts the
nearly 40% of the US population
that lives in a coastal county, where onshore infrastructure loss and
nuisance flooding
are increasingly of concern.
Melting glaciers and ice sheets are not the only contribution to sea level rise: as water molecules warm, they expand. This thermal expansion is another driver of sea level rise, and also plays a role in the frequency and severity of hurricanes and tropical storms.
Image Credit: Barbara Taylor NMFS/SWFSC/PRD
Image Credit: Adam Obaza, WCR Protected Resources Division
Ocean heat impacts our ecosystems
From the surface to the seafloor, in the deep ocean and the coasts, marine organisms everywhere are impacted by warming ocean temperatures. Warming oceans are driving changes in the abundance of fish species, like
Pacific salmon
, while also impacting
migration patterns
of many different fish and mammal species, which coastal communities have relied on for generations. Shifting marine ecosystems in response to ocean heat not only affects economies (the US commercial seafood industry is worth
>$6 billion
), but also threatens cultural and spiritual ties to marine life as a means of subsistence.
Microscopic marine life is also responding to warmer waters, and this causes ripple effects up the food chain. Elevated ocean temperatures are linked to overproduction of different species of saltwater algae, some of which are toxic. These
harmful algal bloom
(HABs) events have been reported offshore every coastal state, and the frequency of HABs are
on the rise in places like Alaska
, introducing serious threats to human health and marine economies.
Excess heat is stored by the ocean.
As the concentration of gases like carbon dioxide and methane in Earth’s atmosphere
continues to increase
, predominantly as a result of human activities, so does the amount of solar energy (or heat) trapped by the Earth’s climate system. Much like a greenhouse, the amount of heat that enters into the atmosphere is greater than what
escapes
back out into space, leading to an overall increase in temperatures. The global ocean absorbs
up to 91% of the excess solar energy
that cannot be reflected back into space.
Climbing
sea surface temperatures
receive a lot of attention, but ocean heat does not only stay at the sea surface. Global ocean circulation slowly moves those warm water molecules from the surface to the deep ocean, where slow (but important) warming also takes place. While it takes about a thousand years to move a parcel of water through the entire ocean, this means that greenhouse forcing is reflected at all depths of the ocean, just on different timescales.
Why the Ocean?
It all comes down to two physical phenomena:
albedo
and
specific heat capacity
.
Have you ever chosen to wear a light-colored shirt in the summer instead of a dark one, knowing it would keep you cooler? Dark objects, like your dark t-shirts and the ocean, have a low
albedo
– meaning they retain more heat than they reflect. Not only does ocean water have a low albedo, but it also covers over 70% of our planet, making it a natural storage space for excess heat. Sea ice, or frozen ocean water, is a natural, highly reflective, high-albedo barrier against ocean heat absorption. However, the
steady trend of decreasing Arctic sea-ice
exposes more ocean water and creates a feedback loop of increased warming.
The ocean also requires significantly more energy (over 1000x more!) to warm by one degree Celsius compared to the atmosphere. You can see this phenomenon, called
specific heat capacity
, at work the next time you’re around a gas stove: when you put your hand above the flame, you feel the heat instantly because the air is warmed quickly. However, when you put on a pot of water to boil, the water takes some time before it warms up.
So, what does this all mean? Any measurable change of global ocean temperatures, even a
fraction of a degree
, represents the absorption of a substantial amount of energy over a relatively short amount of time.
Between 1993 and 2022, the amount of heat energy absorbed by the ocean was  more than
800 times
the total electricity consumed by the United States in just 2022 – the year with the
highest energy use
recorded.
Understanding the impacts and drivers of these changes, and improving our predictions of future change, are fundamental in building a
climate-ready nation
. Learn more about how NOAA is leading these efforts through sustained observing and modeling of our global ocean below.
How NOAA is monitoring and predicting impacts of ocean heat.
"The lack of long-term measurements of the global ocean and changes in the observing system over time makes documenting and understanding change in the oceans a difficult challenge."
-IPCC AR5
Image Credit: NOAA Climate Program Office
Measuring the pulse of the ocean
It’s hard to measure how something is changing with only a couple of data points. How can you tell what is “normal”? By maintaining networks of ocean observing systems in each ocean basin over multiple decades, we are checking the pulse for what is “normal,” and can detect when ocean conditions stray from that baseline.
The Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing program (GOMO) funds a variety of devices that measure ocean temperature, and other important ocean properties like salinity and carbon dioxide, in each of the planet’s ocean basins. These long-term and widespread observations allow us to measure changes in ocean heat and better predict future climate impacts.
Through GOMO, NOAA measures ocean heat using a variety of ocean observing instruments.
Learn more about these in situ,  or in-the-ocean instruments by clicking below:
Ships
Research vessels are crucial in getting scientists to sea to deploy and recover ocean observing instruments. Programs like
GO-SHIP
,
PIRATA
, and others have been collecting valuable ocean data for years. Ships themselves also collect data while they sail!
CTD Rosette
CTD rosettes are deployed from research vessels to measure Conductivity (salinity), Temperature, and Depth (CTD) and collect discrete water samples from the surface to the seafloor. The rosette is equipped with bottles to collect samples throughout the water column.
Argo Floats
Over three million profiles of ocean data have been collected by
autonomous Argo floats
. Since the program’s inception in 1999, Argo float design has advanced to measure the deep ocean (to 6,000m), and feature sensors that take biological and chemical measurements.
Surface Drifters
More than 1,300 satellite-tracked surface drifting buoys currently drift with ocean currents, collecting data on sea surface temperature, currents, atmospheric pressure, winds, waves, and salinity.
Gliders
Autonomous underwater ocean gliders typically operate for a few months per mission, collecting data on temperature, salinity, currents, and biological conditions.
Autonomous Surface Vehicles
Autonomous surface vehicles (e.g. Saildrones) sail across the ocean collecting data such as ocean heat and atmospheric and surface ocean CO
2
measurements.
Moored Buoys
Buoys,  like the ones in the
OceanSITES
network, are fixed to the seafloor and float at the ocean surface. They feature sensors and gauges that measure precipitation, wind conditions, and more!
Tide Gauges
Tide gauges around the world measure how sea level is rising, which is often a direct impact of ocean warming. Through the
Global Sea Level Observing System
, GOMO funds 50+ tide gauges across the world!
eXpendable BathyThermographs (XBTs)
Beginning in the 1960s, XBTs have been deployed from research vessels and Ships of Opportunity (SOOP) to collect temperature observations of the upper 1km of the global ocean. Currently approximately 10,000 XBTs are deployed annually.
We Support the Advancement of Ocean Science
GOMO provides support for institutions from around the country that foster advancements in understanding and protecting our global oceans. View the research projects that impact people, ecosystems, and the economy.
LEARN MORE ABOUT OUR PROGRAM
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gomo@noaa.gov
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We're Hiring! Apply to GOMO's Education & Outreach Specialist Position - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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We’re Hiring! Apply to GOMO’s Education & Outreach Specialist Position
Jessica Mkitarian
February 15, 2024
Education & Outreach
,
Job Opportunities
,
People
NOAA’s Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing (GOMO) Program is excited to announce a job opening for the program’s first Education & Outreach Specialist (
CPAESS Program Specialist II
). This position is responsible for improving the strategic coordination, visibility, and public awareness of GOMO’s education, outreach, and capacity building projects and their impact. Funding for this position has been secured for 1 year, but has the potential to be extended.
The application deadline is March 1, 2024.
Key Responsibilities:
Research existing GOMO-funded projects, survey end-users on the impact of the projects and areas for improvement, and develop an inaugural annual impact report.
Research existing education, outreach, and capacity-building efforts funded by GOMO and develop a strategic plan to improve the existing program.
Develop metrics to evaluate the effectiveness of GOMO’s existing activities.
Create, distribute, and analyze end-user surveys on project impacts, successes, challenges, and areas for improvement.
Develop an inaugural annual impact report to summarize findings and propose strategic future directions, particularly for enhancing DEIJA principles.
Identify and leverage opportunities to increase funding and support for GOMO’s outreach and education efforts.
Develop cohesive messages about GOMO’s overall effort in education, outreach, and capacity building; identify and create communication products to effectively share those messages, reach strategic target audiences, and capture data on effectiveness.
Support the GOMO Communications Team in the development of cohesive messages and communication products (web stories, GOMO newsletter, reports to NOAA leadership, 2-pagers, outreach fliers, graphics, presentations, etc.) to increase the visibility of GOMO’s efforts in education, outreach, and capacity building.
Identify strategic target audiences, outreach/education partners, and communication channels within and beyond NOAA to disseminate messages/communication products.
In collaboration with GOMO’s web developer, manage, update, and develop content for GOMO’s education webpages.
Establish a partner network and newsletter to maintain engagement and expand GOMO’s education, outreach, and capacity building to include new partners and projects.
Develop collaborations with our existing landscape of partners and identify new opportunities and partnerships that will increase the impact and reach of GOMO’s education and outreach efforts.
Identify opportunities and events, such as education conferences, for outreach and community engagement and coordinate participation at these events.
Represent GOMO on NOAA’s Education Council and identify opportunities to collaborate and participate in activities.
Create and distribute a newsletter for partners.
Programmatic Growth and Support:
Support GOMO program managers as needed with capacity-building efforts (e.g., workshops, trainings, etc.) related to various GOMO programs and projects.
Support the coordination of GOMO’s involvement in the Knauss Fellowship program and NOAA Internship programs.
Identify and explore opportunities to lead and/or support K-16 educational and extracurricular ocean science and engineering programs and teacher professional development and training workshops on ocean and climate science.
Develop and deliver GOMO ocean observing webinars through the NOAA Science Seminar Series and other channels.
Potential workshops and educational conferences include the Ocean Science Meeting, the American Geophysical Union, the National Marine Educators Association, etc.
For more details on the position, including requirements, benefits and salary range, and to apply please visit the UCAR Careers site:
CPAESS Program Specialist II
. Funding for this position has been secured for 1 year, but has the potential to be extended.
The application deadline is March 1, 2024.
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Meet our 2025 Knauss Fellow, Mary Beth Armstrong
March 3, 2025
NOAA Research Releases First-of-its-Kind Ocean Carbon Observing Science Plan
January 16, 2025
From vision to action: New NOAA strategic framework sets path for more resilient Arctic
January 14, 2025
Celebrating 25 years of Argo, the ‘crown jewel’ of ocean observing systems
December 13, 2024
GOMO HEADQUARTERS
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gomo@noaa.gov
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ABOUT US
The Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing (GOMO) Program is the U.S. Federal source and international leader for sustained, in situ global ocean observations and information in support of research, monitoring, and prediction.
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We're Hiring! Two Physical Scientist/Program Manager Positions - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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We’re Hiring! Two Physical Scientist/Program Manager Positions
Melissa Hiatt
October 28, 2024
Job Opportunities
,
People
NOAA’s Global Ocean Monitoring & Observing Program (GOMO) is excited to announce openings for two physical scientist positions. Based on the expertise of the successful applicants, these Silver Spring-based positions will manage GOMO’s contribution to the Global Drifter Program, Ocean SITES and fixed tropical and extra tropical moorings, increase our partnership with industry, contribute to an amazing and dynamic office leading the US contribution to the Global Ocean Observing System, work closely with NOAA and US colleagues and more!
The application deadline is November 12, 2024.
As a Physical Scientist, you will perform the following duties:
Direct oceanographic investigations centering on fluxes of energy, momentum and materials through the air-sea interface, the transport and composition (thermal and chemical) of ocean and coastal water masses and the structure and dynamical processes on the sea floor. Identify areas of research in oceanography, marine meteorology and related disciplines to improve understanding of environmental processes in coastal and open-ocean systems.
Direct scientific studies of dynamics of geophysical fluids in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and cryosphere, over a wide range of time and space scales. Potential applications include deterministic atmospheric forecasting, life cycle of hurricanes, and clear air turbulence. Oversee scientific studies of atmospheric and environmental problems caused by changes in atmospheric composition associated with natural and manufactured emissions. Manage science teams studying global and climate change, acid deposition, atmospheric chemistry, and meteorological and biological problems involving interaction between lower atmosphere and underlying surface, primarily vegetation.
In collaboration with senior staff members, lead development of, maintain and advance the creation of new productive partnerships within and external to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) addressing current research directions, science and implementation plans.
Lead strategic planning activities. Develop budget documents and present program briefings. Lead development of recommendations to the Director in proposing, defending, and managing the program budget, administering financial awards, developing Announcements of Opportunities for Grants, and monitoring project performance. Ensure effective timely and economical accomplishments of program objectives. Collaborate with internal and external stakeholders. Attend various meetings, internal and external to the agency. Represent the agency at intra-and inter-agency and international meetings. Attend national scientific and programmatic meetings.
For more details on the position, including requirements, benefits and salary range, and to apply, click the button below to view more details on USAJOBS.
The application deadline is November 12, 2024.
VIEW ON USAJOBS
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January 14, 2025
Celebrating 25 years of Argo, the ‘crown jewel’ of ocean observing systems
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We're Hiring! Apply to GOMO's Data Management Specialist position - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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We’re Hiring! Apply to GOMO’s Data Management Specialist position
Jessica Mkitarian
January 17, 2024
Arctic Research Program
,
Job Opportunities
,
People
NOAA’s Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing (GOMO) Program is hiring a Data Management Specialist (
Program Specialist III
). This position will provide senior-level program support for the design and development of data management approaches and policies for the GOMO and Arctic Research Program (ARP). The position will work closely with the GOMO and ARP Directors, Program Managers, the broader Data Management community, and Principal Investigators to lead the finalization of the GOMO Data Strategy Plan. Additionally, they will be responsible for formulating an Implementation Plan and establishing a Data Implementation Community of Practice/Group.
What You Will Do
Technical and Program Management
Lead the development of readily accessible and discoverable machine-readable data on GOMO projects and foster greater accountability, consistency, and interoperability program-wide.
Foster a community of practice for program data reporting, and analytics, and plan for program user engagement as we establish a data management framework for GOMO.
Develop and establish recommendations regarding data and metadata requirements, standard formats, and management policies based on existing standard data models.
Lead the data landscape assessment of the whole GOMO program in collaboration with the GOMO Program Managers and PIs.
Develop systems that allow for data-driven program decision-making.
Strategic Planning and Program Implementation
Interpret broad policy and program directives and make recommendations for data management program guides and time-phasing of planning actions.
Follow the initial implementation of the data strategy plan, and work with GOMO Program Managers and PIs to provide a path for data user engagement (tracking feedback, response, and actions).
Write work plans, white papers, and proposals to sustain and enhance GOMO data management and systems.
Along with the Program Managers, review submitted Data Management Plans (DMPs) of proposals and compliance checking of work plans and progress reports.
Join close-out calls for projects that have ended after final reports are submitted to ensure data and archival requirements are met.
Create tools and relevant documents (e.g., Data submission preparation step-by-step) to ensure smooth and seamless data submission and archiving.
Also, serve as a data content manager to assist with more specific guidance upon request.
Lead data management training, workshops, and relevant resource materials for program Principal Investigators (PIs) and stakeholders.
Program Representation
In the areas of design and development of data management approaches and the drafting and implementation of the GOMO Data Strategy Plan:
Recommend and leverage activities, systems, and approaches to help minimize additional paperwork, administrative hurdles, and reporting requirements for researchers creating data or publications.
Lead continued engagement with data providers and other stakeholders to ensure open lines of communication concerning data and information sharing, best practices, and communicating NOAA, USG, and international policies as data landscapes continue to evolve.
Maintain and expand current partnerships within OAR and across the agency, identify new opportunities with potential partners in NOAA, the Federal government, non-governmental organizations, indigenous communities, and academic institutions.
Along with Program Managers, GOMO Web Developer, and the Senior Communications Specialist, support the creation, maintenance, and updating of data web pages and corresponding project-specific landing pages.
Coordinate with other data experts to disentangle different metadata formats across single platforms (i.e. tide gauges and OceanSITES) and recommend one format per platform.
Represent the GOMO and ARP at relevant meetings to present information about current efforts and priorities.
For more details on the position, including requirements, benefits and salary range please see posting on the UCAR Careers site:
CPAESS Program Specialist III
. The priority application deadline is January 29, 2024.
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Meet our 2025 Knauss Fellow, Mary Beth Armstrong
March 3, 2025
NOAA Research Releases First-of-its-Kind Ocean Carbon Observing Science Plan
January 16, 2025
From vision to action: New NOAA strategic framework sets path for more resilient Arctic
January 14, 2025
Celebrating 25 years of Argo, the ‘crown jewel’ of ocean observing systems
December 13, 2024
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Monitoring Platforms Archives - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Scientific discoveries and program achievements for the advancement of global ocean monitoring and observing.
Image Credit: Ivan Bandura, Unsplash
Discrepancies in ocean carbon sink estimates persist, how NOAA is making progress to close the gap
2024 Global Carbon Budget Report Released Every year, scientists from around the world, including NOAA experts, work together to produce the Global Carbon Budget. This annual scientific report tracks the origin and amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions entering the atmosphere and where it is transported throughout the Earth system. Just like you might consider
Read More »
November 15, 2024
Three ocean observing platforms that are keeping an eye on ocean heat
It’s no secret that our oceans are getting warmer. Ocean heat is a topic that spans across all of NOAA: from its influence on extreme weather events and Arctic sea-ice extent, to its impact on fisheries and marine ecosystems at all latitudes, it is clear that our ability to monitor the changes in ocean temperature
Read More »
September 19, 2024
NOAA research cruise supports key tropical Atlantic observing system
This is a repost of NOAA AOML’s original story published August 6, 2024 There and back again: NOAA Ship Gordon Gunter journeyed away from Pascagoula, Mississippi for 90+ days and 12,700+ nautical miles to conduct the PIRATA Northeast Extension cruise. A NOAA ship that traditionally sails in the Gulf of Mexico embarked on a 90+ day journey
Read More »
August 13, 2024
Floating ice, freezing temperatures: Four facts about the I08S GO-SHIP cruise to Antarctica
This is a repost of NOAA AOML’s original story published May 2, 2024. Floating ice, freezing temperatures, and streaks of lights in the night sky. Traversing from Fremantle, Australia to Antarctica’s Prydz Bay and back again, the crew aboard the R/V Thomas G. Thompson successfully concluded the I08S GO-SHIP cruise on April 1, 2024. Scientists at NOAA’s Atlantic
Read More »
May 6, 2024
Tool for tracking research vessels in the Arctic is now live for the 2024 field season
Each year, research vessels venture into Alaska and Arctic waters to collect samples, deploy and recover moorings, conduct fisheries surveys, and more. In advance of the 2024 field season, the Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee (IARPC) is pleased to announce the launch of this year’s Planned Research Vessel Movements webpage. This community resource aims to
Read More »
April 22, 2024
Scientists Team with Commercial Shipping Industry to Collect Ocean Observations in the Caribbean Sea
Five autonomous profiling floats were deployed from a commercial vessel into the depths of the Caribbean Sea to improve ocean and hurricane research.  Captain Vassili Pugatsov and the crew of the M/V Bulk Xaymaca, in cooperation with the Argo Float Group at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, deployed these ocean observing instruments, known as Argo floats,
Read More »
August 25, 2023
U.S. Ambassador to Iceland Visits NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown After 55-day GO-SHIP Cruise Docks in Reykjavik
After 55 days at sea and a successful re-occupation of 150 ocean stations as a part of the decadal GO-SHIP transect A16N, NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown received a welcome visit from the U.S. Ambassador to Iceland, Carrin F. Patman, in Reykjavik this May. During the visit, Ambassador Patman embarked on a tour of the
Read More »
May 31, 2023
Ocean Observing Tech Enhances Climate Education in the Cook Islands
Through the SEREAD educational program, Argo’s mission to help understand the ocean’s role in the earth’s climate is shared across generations. On the island of Mangaia of the Cook Islands in the south Pacific, the local community is highly concerned about the current and future impacts of climate change. The island of Mangaia is the
Read More »
May 19, 2023
Stratus Mooring Celebrates 22 Years of Observations, Provides Critical Data on El Niño-La Niña Conditions and Ocean Heat
On February 28, 2023, a team of oceanographers from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Upper Ocean Processes Group made the 21st replacement of the Stratus mooring. Since the mooring was initially deployed in October 2000, this achievement marks over 22 years of Stratus observations, making it one of the longest continuously occupied surface mooring
Read More »
May 15, 2023
First NOAA GO-SHIP Cruise in 5 years Departs to Study Unique Atlantic Basin
30-years of ocean observations provide view into long-term ocean trends On March 6, a team of scientists on the NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown departed from Suape, Brazil for a 55-day cruise to the northerly waters of Reykjavik, Iceland. With 150 planned stops along this cruise track known as A16N, measurements of heat, freshwater, carbon,
Read More »
March 7, 2023
NOAA-led PIRATA Cruise Expands Sensors for Climate Prediction
NOAA-led PIRATA Cruise Expands Sensors for Climate Prediction New Storymap Released! On December 19, 2021 after nearly six weeks at sea, scientists aboard the NOAA ship Ronald H. Brown returned to land and docked in Praia, Cape Verde, completing the PIRATA (Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic) Northeast Extension (PNE) cruise.  Researchers with NOAA’s Atlantic Oceanographic and
Read More »
April 19, 2022
Indian Ocean Buoys Serviced & Rescued with help of International Partners
The Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST) recently hosted NOAA’s Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) on a cruise to re-establish and maintain the Research Moored Array for African-Asian-Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction (RAMA). The KIOST-NOAA joint cruise is the first RAMA maintenance cruise in the Indian Ocean since 2019, prior to the start
Read More »
March 1, 2022
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Discrepancies in ocean carbon sink estimates persist, how NOAA is making progress to close the gap - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Discrepancies in ocean carbon sink estimates persist, how NOAA is making progress to close the gap
Kyla Kelly
November 15, 2024
Monitoring Platforms
,
News
,
Ocean Climate Observation
2024 Global Carbon Budget Report Released
Every year, scientists from around the world, including NOAA experts, work together to produce the
Global Carbon Budget
. This annual scientific report tracks the origin and amount of carbon dioxide (CO
2
) emissions entering the atmosphere and where it is transported throughout the Earth system. Just like you might consider income, groceries, rent, utilities, and other expenses for your own personal budget, the Global Carbon Budget considers the amount of carbon in the atmosphere, ocean, and land, and how much of it is human-produced due to fossil fuel emissions and other human activities. The Global Carbon Budget helps scientists and policy makers assess progress towards meeting the goals of the
Paris Climate Agreement
in order to avoid the harmful impacts of rising global temperatures.
This year’s Global Carbon Budget reports
that atmospheric CO
2
concentrations will likely reach 422.5 parts per million (ppm) in 2024, which is 52% above pre-industrial revolution concentrations of 278 ppm in the year 1750. Fossil fuel emissions have decreased significantly over the last decade in 22 countries that are considered to have growing industrial economies, including the United States; however, overall global emissions continue to grow. “It is encouraging that global emission rates are not increasing as fast as in the past. We are getting to a point where the industrial nations are reducing emissions. We are making progress, but not nearly fast enough,” said Rik Wanninkhof, a Senior Scientist at
NOAA’s Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
studying ocean carbon.
NOAA’s contribution to the Global Carbon Budget
NOAA’s Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program (GOMO)
provides a significant proportion of the ocean carbon observations used in the Global Carbon Budget. Through GOMO’s contribution to the
Surface Ocean CO
2
Reference Network (SOCONET)
, NOAA contributes seawater and atmospheric CO
2
observations from a variety of platforms including commercial ships of opportunity, research vessels, buoys, and autonomous surface vehicles (e.g., Saildrones). Every year, this high quality data is assembled into a global database the
Surface Ocean CO
2
Atlas (SOCAT)
, which is utilized by the global carbon research community, including those that contribute to the Global Carbon Budget.
Ship of Opportunity. Credit: NOAA
NOAA Research Vessel Ron Brown. Credit: NOAA
CO
2
Buoy. Credit: NOAA
Saildrone (uncrewed surface vehicle). Credit: Saildrone
Measuring the ocean carbon sink
The ocean naturally absorbs approximately 25% of human produced CO
2
emissions, serving as a sink that removes this greenhouse gas from the atmosphere. While this helps to offset the impacts of climate change, it can also have negative implications, such as
ocean acidification
, which can impact marine life and the people who depend on it.
The Global Carbon Budget uses models and observations to estimate how much carbon enters the ocean. However, there is a discrepancy between the methods used to estimate the ocean sink. While on average models predict a smaller ocean sink (the ocean absorbs less CO
2
), observational-based estimates predict a larger ocean sink (the ocean absorbs more CO
2
). “Our understanding of emissions and whether we are on track toward Paris Climate Agreement goals is contingent on an accurate understanding of the full ocean carbon budget,” emphasized Adrienne Sutton, an oceanographer studying ocean carbon at
NOAA’s Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL)
.
Global Carbon Budget 2024 estimates of the ocean carbon sink using different methods. The  green lines represent ocean sink estimates made with observational data (fugacity of CO
2
-products), and the purple lines represent ocean sink estimates made by models (Global Ocean Biogeochemistry Models [GOBMs]). The black line represents the mean of all methods, producing the Global Carbon Budget’s estimate of the ocean carbon sink (S
ocean
). Notice that the green observational lines fall above the average, while the purple modeling lines fall below, indicating discrepancies in ocean sink estimation methods. Source:
Friedlingstein et al. 2024
.
Part of this discrepancy is due to
decreasing observations of surface ocean carbon
since the global pandemic in 2020. Interrupted ship operations during this time reduced observations from volunteer ships of opportunity, such as container ships, that were equipped with sensors to measure surface ocean CO
2
along their routes. These operations have been slow to recover and the effects are still impacting ocean carbon observing capabilities today.
Observational gaps also persist in regions that are challenging to collect data from. For instance, with the technology currently available, it is challenging to collect measurements under and around sea ice and during turbulent storms, such as hurricanes. These missing pieces reduce confidence in scientists’ estimates of the global ocean carbon sink.
“There are several places in the ocean where the lack of observations, especially in the winter, may have an impact on observation-based estimates. We have been working with modelers to emphasize how these seasonal differences impact ocean carbon sink estimates in the regions where we don’t have enough data,” said Richard Feely, a Senior Scientist and Chemical Oceanographer at PMEL.
How NOAA is improving ocean carbon sink estimates
The Biden-Harris administration recently invested $2.1M from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law
to expand ocean measurements of CO
2
to under-observed, climate-critical regions such as the Arctic and Southern Oceans by installing a new generation CO
2
sensors on the
NOAA Ship
Ronald H. Brown
and several other U.S. government and
academic research vessels (UNOLS)
, including the
U.S. Coast Guard Cutter
Healy
. Carbon dioxide sensors were also installed on Saildrone autonomous surface vehicles deployed during
this year’s Atlantic hurricane season
to improve measurements of the ocean carbon sink during extreme conditions. Filling these observational gaps could help increase our confidence in ocean carbon sink estimates.
Locations of surface ocean carbon measurements collected as part of SOCONET since 1957. Lines represent ship and uncrewed surface vehicle
tracks, while boxes indicate buoy locations. Source:
SOCAT
.
GOMO also recently supported workshops that brought modelers and observers together to tackle this issue of divergence in the Global Carbon Budget. Communication between these two communities is critical, as collaboration of efforts allows for a shared understanding of capabilities, resulting in a stronger science.
Finally,
NOAA Research
is developing an Ocean Carbon Observing Strategic Plan to improve ocean carbon cycle observations and research. A major theme of this plan is working to reduce uncertainty in ocean carbon sink estimates. This includes systematically determining where adding observations to fill gaps would be most valuable, improving carbon observing methodology, and developing technology to collect observations during wintertime and storms, and increasing collaboration with the international ocean carbon observing community.
These sustained and improved ocean observing strategies will be critical to improving estimates of the Global Carbon Budget. With a better understanding of the ocean carbon sink, we will be able to track planned emission reductions towards reducing the impacts of global climate change.
GOMO and NOAA-funded scientists contributing to the Global Carbon Budget include: Simone Alin (PMEL), Leticia Barbero (AOML/CIMAS), Eugene Burger (PMEL), Brendan Carter (PMEL), Richard Feely (PMEL), Andy Jacobson (GML/CIRES), Alex Kozyr (NCEI), David Munro (GML/CIRES), Denis Pierrot (AOML), Adrienne Sutton (PMEL), Colm Sweeney (GML), and Rik Wanninkhof (AOML). This program is managed by GOMO program managers Kathy Tedesco and Alyse Larkin, with support from Knauss Fellow Kyla Kelly.
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Arctic tundra becoming source of carbon dioxide emissions: 2024 Arctic Report Card released
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Meet our 2025 Knauss Fellow, Mary Beth Armstrong
March 3, 2025
NOAA Research Releases First-of-its-Kind Ocean Carbon Observing Science Plan
January 16, 2025
From vision to action: New NOAA strategic framework sets path for more resilient Arctic
January 14, 2025
Celebrating 25 years of Argo, the ‘crown jewel’ of ocean observing systems
December 13, 2024
GOMO HEADQUARTERS
1315 East-West Highway
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gomo@noaa.gov
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ABOUT US
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Floating ice, freezing temperatures: Four facts about the I08S GO-SHIP cruise to Antarctica - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Floating ice, freezing temperatures: Four facts about the I08S GO-SHIP cruise to Antarctica
Allison Lepp
May 6, 2024
Monitoring Platforms
,
News
This is a repost of NOAA AOML’s
original story
published May 2, 2024.
Floating ice, freezing temperatures, and streaks of lights in the night sky.
Traversing from Fremantle, Australia to Antarctica’s Prydz Bay and back again, the crew aboard the
R/V Thomas G. Thompson
successfully concluded the I08S GO-SHIP cruise on April 1, 2024.
Scientists at NOAA’s Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (
AOML
) and the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Sciences (
CIMAS
) co-led and participated in the nearly six-week cruise from Antarctica to the Indian Ocean led by the U.S. National Science Foundation (
NSF
).
With towering waves and days sequestered inside the galley playing cards, the crew proved resilient against incredible conditions to collect crucial oceanographic data from one of the most critical, yet difficult-to-reach regions of the world – the Antarctic. Keep reading to learn more about the cruise, the science, the people who made it possible, and what they saw – in 4, 3, 2, 1…
The IO8S Cruise track begins in Antarctica.
FOUR
Occupations
This cruise marks only the
fourth
successful venture along the I08S transect, with previous cruises in 1994, 2007, and 2016. The I08S is one of 58 cruise tracks (i.e. “transects”) covering the Earth’s oceans where scientists decadally measure fluctuations in salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, inorganic carbon, and other key properties in ocean chemistry and physics from the surface to the seafloor as part of
GO-SHIP
.
Short for “Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigations Program,” this international effort, funded by the U.S. NSF and NOAA, is fundamental for understanding heat transfer and carbon storage in ocean waters globally under a changing climate.
THREE
Instruments
Along the I08S transect, scientists collected ocean data using
three
main instruments: conductivity, temperature, and depth (
CTD
) instruments,
Argo
floats, and
surface drifters
. CTD data were collected at 66 sites along the transect, measuring how temperature, salinity, and a suite of chemical properties change from the sea surface to the seabed. For the first time along the I08S, the team analyzed water samples collected by the CTD for
environmental DNA
(eDNA). AOML researcher and member of the I08S science party Rob Bremer said these data are important for “learning more about what role microbes are playing in the overall ecological and biogeochemical structure of the ocean.”
Fifteen
Argo floats
were deployed, which will allow for longer-term monitoring of physical, chemical and biological aspects of the ocean at a range of depths. Ten surface drifters were also deployed as part of
NOAA’s Global Drifter Program
, and will provide continuous measurements of sea surface temperature and atmospheric pressure across the Southern and Indian oceans.
Argo float
CTD
Surface drifter
TWO
Degrees Celsius
The appearance of massive icebergs indicated cold waters as
the ship approached Antarctica. Credit: Katelyn Schockman.
When first steaming towards Antarctica in the early weeks of the cruise, water temperatures dropped to two degrees Celsius, and Co-chief Scientist Katelyn Schockman, Ph.D., called out, “Ice on the starboard!” Icebergs appeared large on the horizon, but the research team was after even colder waters from the continental shelf in Prydz Bay, Antarctica.
Here, a unique water mass called Antarctic Bottom Water is produced,
a critical component that drives ocean circulation
across the planet. This cold, salty, dense water flows away from the Antarctic continent, where it mixes with warmer, fresher ocean water. Density-driven mixing of these waters transfers heat, moves nutrients, and contributes to the
global conveyor belt
of overturning ocean currents. By successfully sampling this water mass at its point of origin, researchers can now determine how it may have changed since it was last measured by GO-SHIP in 1994.
ONE
On April
1st
, the I08S cruise came to a successful close. After almost six weeks of 12-hour shifts spent deploying instruments to the deep amid freezing temperatures, stormy seas, and blustery winds, the science party arrived at the docks in Fremantle, Australia, bidding farewell to their time at sea.
The
R/V Thomas Thompson
in Fremantle, Australia.
Credit: Jen Magnusson.
“I’m really proud of the high-quality scientific data we were able to collect on I08S despite the unrelenting weather conditions of the Southern Ocean. This was a difficult cruise and the scientists and crew of the Thompson should be commended for their efforts.”
– Katelyn Schockman, Co – Chief Scientist
The Southern Ocean is known for rough weather, with strong westerly winds. Sailors refer endearingly to the waters between 40 ºS and 50 ºS latitude as the
“Roaring Forties,”
and the legendary waves there dwarfed the 274-foot
R/V Thomas G. Thompson.
The crew masterfully endured the storms while covering miles of open ocean and collecting data that will unlock vast findings about how the ocean is impacted by climate change in one of the most remote regions of the world. Reaching the shelf of Antarctica is a feat to be celebrated – one with challenges and long days and nights of hard work but made worth it by the natural beauty of the Southern Ocean seen along the way.
The Southern Lights gleaming over the R/V Thomas Thompson
.
The I08S GO-SHIP cruise was funded by the
U.S. National Science Foundation
and the
NOAA Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing
program.
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