2022 Arctic Report Card Released - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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2022 Arctic Report Card Released
Jessica Mkitarian
December 13, 2022
News
Human-caused climate change fuels warmer, wetter, stormier Arctic
On December 13, the
2022 Arctic Report Card
was released at a press conference hosted by the American Geophysical Union (AGU) as part of its Fall Meeting. Opening remarks were provided by NOAA Administrator Rick Spinrad. Lead editor Matthew Druckenmiller, a research scientist with the National Snow and Ice Data Center provided a summary of the report, and authors Jackie Qatalina Schaeffer, Director of Climate Initiatives for the Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Karen Frey, polar scientist at Clark University and John Walsh, chief scientist at the International Arctic Research Center at the University of Alaska Fairbanks provided remarks on their research.
Compiled by 147 experts from 11 nations, the report card includes three sections: Vital Signs, Indicators and Frostbites. Vital Signs provide annual updates on key topics. This year, a chapter on precipitation has been added, reflecting an improvement in available data and showing the dramatic increase in precipitation across the Arctic in recent decades. Indicators explore topics that are periodically updated, and Frostbites report on new and emerging issues. The 15th chapter of the report card, authored by a team that includes Native Alaskan scientists, describes how warming air temperatures, shrinking sea ice, shorter periods of snow cover, increased wildfire, rising levels of precipitation and changes in animal migration patterns and their abundance profoundly affect the safety, food security, health, economic wellbeing and cultural traditions of Indigenous people.
“The Arctic remains a varied and expansive region to monitor, especially as widespread disturbances unfold and seasons shift,” said Druckenmiller. “To understand its transition, we need local to international partnerships, especially with Arctic peoples and Indigenous communities, who are vital to the use of diverse observations and knowledge, as well as to identifying solutions to long-term climate impacts and abrupt disturbances.”
Major findings in this year’s report include:
Arctic
annual air temperatures
from October 2021 to September 2022 were the sixth warmest dating back to 1900, continuing a decades-long trend in which Arctic air temperatures have warmed faster than the global average. The Arctic’s seven warmest years since 1900 have been the last seven years.
Arctic
sea ice
extent (coverage) was higher than many recent years, but much lower than the long-term average. Multiyear ice extent, sea-ice thickness and volume rebounded after a near-record low in 2021, but was below conditions in the 1980s and 1990s, with older ice extremely rare. Open water developed near the North Pole for much of the summer, allowing polar-class tourist and research vessels easy access. The Northern Sea Route and Northwest Passage were also largely open.
Satellite records from 2009 to 2018 show increasing
maritime ship traffic
in the Arctic as sea ice declines. The most significant increases in traffic are occurring among ships traveling from the Pacific Ocean through the Bering Strait and Beaufort Sea. This opens economic opportunities for new trade routes and also poses potential human-caused stresses on Arctic people and ecosystems.
The 2021-2022 Arctic
snow season
saw a combination of above-average snow accumulation but early snowmelt, consistent with long-term trends of shortening snow seasons in several areas.
Wetter-than-normal conditions predominated over much of the Arctic from October 2021 to September 2022.
Precipitation
has increased significantly since the 1950s across all seasons and datasets. Heavy precipitation events are more common in the North Atlantic subarctic, while much of the central Arctic shows increases in consecutive wet days and decreases in consecutive dry days.
Typhoon Merbok, which was fueled by unusually warm water in the north Pacific, dramatically shaped 2022 in the Bering Sea region. Merbok struck the west coast of Alaska in mid-September, bringing a destructive storm surge that caused homes to break loose from foundations and damaged infrastructure in several coastal and river communities.
The
Greenland ice sheet
lost ice in 2022, the 25th consecutive year of ice loss. In September 2022, the Greenland ice sheet had unprecedented late-season warming, creating surface melt conditions over 36% of the ice sheet on September 3, including the Greenland ice sheet’s summit at 10,500 feet. This followed a July 18 large surface melt event observed across 42% of the Greenland ice sheet surface.
The August 2022
sea surface temperatures
continued to show a warming trend that has been observed since 1982 for much of the ice-free Arctic Ocean. In the Barents and Laptev seas, August 2022 mean sea surface temperatures were 3.5 to 5.5 degrees Fahrenheit (2 to 3°C) warmer than 1991–2020 August mean values while unusually cool August sea surface temperatures of 5.4 degrees Fahrenheit (3 degrees Celsius) below the trend occurred in the Chukchi Sea, likely driven by late-summer sea ice in the region that was kept in place by the winds.
Much of the Arctic continued to show
increased ocean plankton blooms
in 2022, as has occurred over the 2003-2022 satellite observation period. Summer storms in 2022 in the Bering Sea may have been responsible for higher-than-average plankton blooms due to increased vertical mixing of nutrients from deep ocean waters to the surface.
Two separate reports on
Arctic birds reveal opposite health trends
. While the populations of Arctic geese across the Arctic are stable or rising, many seabird species, such as ducks, auklets, shearwaters, murres and puffins in the northern Bering and Chukchi seas experienced their sixth consecutive year of a substantial die-off.
Learn more about the
2022 Arctic Report Card
:
Read the
NOAA press release
Watch the video
summarizing the report’s findings
See image and graphic highlights from
Climate.gov
Download the
full report
(PDF)
Watch the recording of the
AGU press conference
The Arctic Report Card is funded and coordinated by the Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing (GOMO) Program, Arctic Research Program. The website, video production, and graphics are led by NOAA’s Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory and Climate Program Office. NOAA Communications coordinates the rollout and press for the Report Card.
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First Cruise in Three Years in Support of the South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Project - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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First Cruise in Three Years in Support of the South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Project
Jessica Mkitarian
September 18, 2022
News
This story is excerpted below.
Read the full story
on NOAA’s Atlantic Oceanographic and Meterological Laboratory (AOML) website!
After two weeks at sea, the
South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (SAM)
project team, led by Renellys Perez and Shenfu Dong (NOAA/AOML), completed its first cruise since June 2019!
The SAM project, which began in 2009, seeks to capture the daily variability of key components of the Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) in the under-sampled South Atlantic Ocean. The MOC plays a major role in redistributing heat, salt, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, and carbon throughout the global climate system. Variations of the MOC can have important societal impacts on coastal sea levels, marine heat waves, extreme weather events, and shifts in regional surface temperature and precipitation patterns.
The SAM project is funded by
NOAA’s Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program
and consists of an array of moorings along 34.5° S. The array includes four pressure-equipped inverted echo sounders (PIES) which collect pressure just above the sea floor and vertical acoustic travel time measurements (the time it takes for a sound pulse to travel from the PIES on the seafloor to the sea surface and back). The acoustic travel time measurements are used to generate profiles of temperature, salinity, and density near the western boundary along 34.5° S, off the eastern coast of Brazil. Data from these instruments are used to monitor the southward-flowing Brazil Current and the Deep Western Boundary Current as they carry components of the MOC along the western boundary of the basin. These moorings also collect
bottom temperature data
, and have been used to generate a 10-year time series of bottom temperature along 34.5° S.
The US, Argentina, and Brazil maintain the array through an informal collaborative agreement – each partner contributes to annual or semiannual fieldwork either with resources (ship-time and equipment) and/or personnel. Due to the pandemic, this was the first cruise for the SAM project since June 2019, meaning there have been no recoveries or deployments of moorings, and no acoustic data downloads for over three years.
In spite of rough weather and ship engine difficulties, the cruise visited three of five mooring sites. Thankfully, the two NOAA/AOML moorings set to auto-release were successfully recovered (with all of the data!) and new units were deployed in their place to continue collecting these key time-series measurements. An additional Brazilian mooring was also recovered and redeployed.
In addition to servicing the PIES moorings, CTD-LADCP (Conductivity, Temperature, Depth – Lowered acoustic Doppler current profilers) casts, eXpendable BathyThermograph (XBTs) drops, and water sampling operations were conducted by the Brazilian oceanography Institute in the University of São Paulo and National Institute for Fisheries Research and Development (Argentina) student volunteers and personnel.
Many thanks to Ulises Rivero, Pedro Peña, and other members of the AOML instrumentation group who provided ground support during the cruise.
A close up of a PIES mooring being tested with an acoustic transducer on the side.
A map showing the locations of the Brazilian current, the Deep Western Boundary current, and the PIES moorings.
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GOMO's Inaugural Program Review Report Available - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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GOMO’s Inaugural Program Review Report Available
Jessica Mkitarian
November 4, 2022
News
,
Past Events
The Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program hosted its inaugural Program Review on July 11-14, 2022 in Silver Spring and virtually. Program reviews are conducted every five years to evaluate the quality, relevance, and performance of research conducted in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR).
With 25 in-person and up to 60 virtual participants the four day Review hosted a variety of presentations from PI’s, collaborators and GOMO staff across these three Focus Areas, (i) US leadership of an ocean and Arctic observing research enterprise; (ii) Frontiers in ocean observing; and (iii) Information and product development to ensure data access and usability; and to increase the value/impact of ocean observations.
The
external review panel
reviewed the provided materials and have submitted their final review with recommendations for GOMO.
Read the full report
and visit GOMO’s
Program Review page
to view presentations, documents, and more information.
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Dialogues with Industry series begins Sept 14 - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Jessica Mkitarian
September 13, 2022
News
Dialogues with Industry series begins Sept. 14
How can industry, science and government together advance ocean observing for 2030?
Join the ocean observing community in a series of roundtable style
“Dialogues with Industry”
to highlight opportunities for the public and private sectors to work in partnership to advance the ocean observing enterprise for 2030. This series is a recognized
Ocean Decade
event and a NOAA New Blue Economy initiative hosted by
GOOS
, the
Marine Technology Society
, and NOAA Research. GOMO’s Brittany Croll is one of four members on the executive planning team for this initiative.
Dialogues with Industry will aim to dismantle barriers and highlight opportunities towards achieving a mature, vibrant ocean observing enterprise. The intended outcome is actionable recommendations on how the commercial, government, and scientific sectors can deploy the next generation Global Ocean Observing System to meet the needs of the Blue Economy. A final synthesis paper will outline the results of this series and the actionable recommendations.
Up to 25 participants are invited to sit at the table for a virtual, facilitated conversation, as well as up to 100 “observers” who can chat throughout the dialogue. The last 45-60 minutes of each session will be opened up for live conversations with all of the observers.
All of the dialogues will take place from 14:00 – 17:00 GMT (9:00am – 12:00pm EST):
Dialogue One:
September 14, 2022 – Instrument Provision: Supply and development of sensors and platforms
Dialogue Two:
October 13, 2022 – Multi-Sectoral Ocean Architecture: Integrating new observing networks and business models
*Dialogue Three:
December 7, 2022 – User Driven Ocean Information: Core and Downstream Services
*Dialogue Four:
January 10, 2023 – Looking Ahead: New technology for the Ocean Decade
*Please note date change.
For more information and to register, visit the
MTS
or
GOOS
websites. You may also view recorded sessions after registering.
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Virtual Registration Open: International Digital Twins of the Ocean Summit (May 4-5) - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Virtual Registration Open: International Digital Twins of the Ocean Summit (May 4-5)
Jessica Mkitarian
April 18, 2022
News
Virtual Registration Open: International Digital Twins of the Ocean Summit (May 4-5)
The UK Government will host an International Digital Twins of the Ocean Summit, led by the
Digital Twins of the Ocean (DITTO)
programme of the
UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development
, with support from the
G7 Future of the Seas and Oceans Initiative
. The Summit will include a high-level stakeholder information session in addition to scientific / technical sessions, which will provide the necessary information to document national and institutional progress and commitments towards developing interoperable and interconnected digital twins of the Ocean, and to support the community in developing the Digital Twin Ocean Framework needed to achieve our collective ambitions. This Summit will bring together users, providers / developers, and promoters of digital ocean initiatives. GOMO Program Manager Ann Zinkann will be attending in person and participating in the opening panel discussion representing early career ocean professionals.
To learn more and register for the online live event:
https://www.g7fsoi.org/digital-twin-ocean-summit/
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NOAA's 2016 Arctic Report Card: Visual highlights - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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NOAA’s 2016 Arctic Report Card: Visual highlights
Jessica Mkitarian
December 15, 2016
Arctic Research Program
NOAA's 2016 Arctic Report Card: Visual highlights
The Arctic Report Card, released at the annual American Geophysical Union fall meeting in San Francisco, is a peer-reviewed report that brings together the work of 61 scientists from 11 nations who report on air, ocean, land and ecosystem changes. It is a key tool used around the world to track changes in the Arctic and how those changes may affect communities, businesses and people.
View a collection of maps and other images highlighting some of this year’s key findings.
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Announcing Funding Opportunity in Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal (mCDR) - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Announcing Funding Opportunity in Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal (mCDR)
Jessica Mkitarian
December 2, 2022
News
NOAA’s
Ocean Acidification
and Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Programs on behalf of the National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP) are soliciting proposals focused on (a) expanding understanding of various aspects of marine Carbon Dioxide Removal (mCDR); (b) understanding associated co-benefits (including ocean acidification mitigation) and risks of marine CDR; and (c) the science needed to build building regulatory frameworks for both testing and scaling of marine CDR approaches. This knowledge will assist in the verification or invalidation of hypotheses regarding mCDR, in order to make informed decisions regarding a potential scaled negative carbon ocean industry.
To be eligible under this NOPP funding opportunity, each proposing team must comprise participants from at least two of the following sectors: academia, private sector (including Non-Governmental Organizations, or NGOs), or government (including federal, tribal, state, and local). Participants in this multi-agency request for proposals include: NOAA (Ocean Acidification Program, Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program, US Integrated Ocean Observing System/US IOOS), the Department of Energy (Fossil Energy and Carbon Management, Water Power Technologies Office), Department of Navy (Office of Naval Research), the National Science Foundation (Chemical Oceanography Program) and philanthropies including ClimateWorks.
View the
FULL NOTICE OF FEDERAL FUNDING
.
An informational webinar will be held on December 7, 2022 at 4-5 pm ET.
REGISTER HERE
.
Proposals that cover one or more of the research priorities below are requested. GOMO is specifically looking for proposals that cover focus area 4, and open to others as well (such as 3, 6, and 7).
Develop and pilot methods for mCDR strategies (identified or novel approaches) that result in a local, beneficial increase in carbonate mineral saturation states that might be applied for localized acidification mitigation to conserve marine ecosystems and/or for in situ conversion to new energy sources or metals or other materials recovery,
Systems analysis of the validity and feasibility of scaled up, detectable mCDR approaches,
Develop and apply high resolution Earth System and/or regional ocean models to i) better resolve how and where natural ocean carbon cycle processes and reservoirs could be leveraged for long term carbon storage, ii) evaluate ecosystem relevant changes and impacts and/or iii) predict and verify local scale pertinent ocean carbon / carbonate chemistry changes and ocean acidification mitigation from mCDR pilot projects,
Develop and deploy/test in situ ocean observing methods and technologies to enable high precision detection of carbonate chemistry dynamics and evaluation of the efficacy of mCDR strategies during targeted field deployments,
Apply, evaluate and optimize the use of marine energy technology that converts ocean waves, tides, currents, and/or gradients (salinity, thermal, or pressure) into usable energy to power any aspects of an mCDR approach. Proposed projects can include marine energy generation for the operation of mCDR directly, associated supporting systems, existing technologies adapted for Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV), and/or a project proposed to meet other priorities outlined in this section,
Address the foundational and/or approach-specific research priorities outlined in the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A Research Strategy for Ocean-based Carbon Dioxide Removal and Sequestration study and/or
Convene workshops or other community building activities to enhance societal engagement, understand community priorities for and concerns about mCDR and/or develop governance aspects and permitting pathways of marine CDR field deployments.
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OA team earns DOC Silver Medal in Scientific and Engineering Achievement - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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OA team earns DOC Silver Medal in Scientific and Engineering Achievement
Jessica Mkitarian
July 28, 2015
Arctic Research Program
OA team earns DOC Silver Medal in Scientific and Engineering Achievement
The Secretary of Commerce has awarded a Group Silver Medal for Scientific/Engineering Achievement to the Ocean Acidification team, which includes CPO’s Jeremy Mathis.
In an email announcing the awards, NOAA Director Dr. Kathryn Sullivan said: “This medal is a testament to your hard work, dedication, and passion for public service. I am so proud of the many contributions you and the other award recipients have made across the breadth of the NOAA mission, especially using your expertise and creativity to develop a multi-platform observing array to collect integrated data on ocean acidification in the Gulf of Alaska.”
The Ocean Acidification team, which Jeremy Mathis, Christian Meinig, Noah Lawrence-Slavas, Scott Stalin, Nicholas Delich, Stacy Maenner-Jones was nominated by OAR for developing a multi-platform observing array to collect integrated environmental intelligence on ocean acidification in the Gulf of Alaska.
The Department of Commerce’s 67th Annual Honor Awards Ceremony will take place on Tuesday, September 29, 2015 in Washington DC.
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Pacific Arctic Observations Addressing Causes and Consequences of Sea Ice Loss - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Pacific Arctic Observations Addressing Causes and Consequences of Sea Ice Loss
Jessica Mkitarian
October 7, 2015
Arctic Research Program
Pacific Arctic Observations Addressing Causes and Consequences of Sea Ice Loss
In 2015, NOAA’s Arctic Research Program competitively funded three new five-year projects involving $4.2 million in grants (and benefit from additional support by interagency and international partners). Through these three new projects, university partners will help to carry out multidisciplinary observations and research for five years (from 2015 to 2020), in support of analysis, and modeling in the Pacific Arctic, i.e., the Chukchi Beaufort Sea, the East Siberian Sea, and the Arctic Ocean north of these regions.
The Arctic Research Program supports several in situ observing networks critical to observing, understanding, and predicting the rapidly changing Arctic environment and characterizing the impacts of these changes to the Arctic environment and potential changes in mid-latitude weather: International Arctic Buoy Programme (IABP); Arctic Sea Ice Thickness Network; The Russian-American Long-term Census of the Arctic (RUSALCA) program; and International Arctic System for Observing the Atmosphere (IASOA).
In addition, the ARP supports the Distributed Biological Observatory (DBO) and is in the early stages of developing the Pacific Arctic Climate Ecosystem Observatory (CEO).
The Arctic Research Program specifically requested proposals to: Continue the long-term observations of the extended DBO (on both Russian and US sides of the Chukchi Sea) transect. During the next decade of RUSALCA the DBO will be extended westward further north where the Arctic has become even more ice-free. This is part of the Climate Observations Division priority to build a suite of repeat hydrography and ecosystem transects in the Arctic. These new observations will extend previous transects established in 2004 to 2012. Applicants were also encouraged to design new sets of sentinel stations and repeat transects that will be reoccupied during the award period and provide data harmonious with previously collected data.  It is anticipated that this work will be carried out with coordination of vessels from Pacific Arctic Group partner countries and other nations, if possible.
Observations collected from these expeditions are expected to be assimilated to improve model-based capabilities that address impacts of Pacific Arctic sea ice loss on the Pacific Arctic Ocean and its ecosystems and improve models that link long-term sea ice reductions to impacts on the mid-latitudes.
The three new projects to be funded by the Arctic Research Program in 2015 are:
“Changes of heat and freshwater budgets in the East Siberian Sea and southern Makarov Basin contributing to multidisciplinary changes in the Pacific Arctic,” PI: Igor Polyakov, Co PI’s: Andrey Pnyushkov, Georgina Gibson, Robert Rember, Terry Whitledge, Dean Stockwell and Peter Winsor, all from the University of Alaska Fairbanks
“Changes of heat and freshwater budgets in the East Siberian Sea and southern Makarov Basin contributing to multidisciplinary changes in the Pacific Arctic,” PI: Matthew Alkire, University of Washington
“Coordination, Data Management and Enhancement of the International Arctic Buoy Programme,” PI: Ignatius Rigor, University of Washington
The Arctic Research Program is a program in the Climate Observation Division, Climate Program Office, within NOAA’s Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research that supports research to advance Arctic observations in the atmosphere, ice, ocean, and ecosystems.
http://cpo.noaa.gov/ClimatePrograms
and
www.arctic.noaa.gov
.
For a full list of CPO’s grants and awards for 2015, visit:
http://cpo.noaa.gov/AboutCPO/AllNews/TabId/315/artmid/668/articleid/363879/CPO-Announces-FY15-Awards.aspx
NOAA’s Climate Program Office helps improve understanding of climate variability and change in order to enhance society’s ability to plan and respond. NOAA provides science, data, and information that Americans want and need to understand how climate conditions are changing. Without NOAA’s long-term climate observing, monitoring, research, and modeling capabilities we couldn’t quantify where and how climate conditions have changed, nor could we predict where and how they’re likely to change.
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Arctic Research Program releases Arctic Marine Biodiversity Monitoring Implementation Plan Annual Report - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Arctic Research Program releases Arctic Marine Biodiversity Monitoring Implementation Plan Annual Report
Jessica Mkitarian
March 31, 2014
Arctic Research Program
Arctic Research Program releases Arctic Marine Biodiversity Monitoring Implementation Plan Annual Report
The Arctic Research Program has released the U.S. 2013 Annual Report for its role in the Arctic Marine Biodiversity Monitoring Implementation Plan.  The Arctic Research Program, which falls under CPO’s Climate Observations Division, leads this effort for the United States.
The CBMP-Marine Plan is the first of four pan-Arctic long-term integrated biodiversity monitoring plans produced by the Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF), a working group of the Arctic Council. Approved by the Arctic Council in 2011, the Marine Plan integrates existing circumpolar monitoring datasets and models in order to improve the detection and understanding of changes in Arctic marine biodiversity, and informs policy and management responses to these changes.
The plan identifies eight Arctic Marine Areas (AMAs) and Focal Ecosystem Components (FECs) to monitor at various trophic levels using specific methodologies, parameters, indicators and sampling designs drawn from existing monitoring capacity (programs), best practices and data. The CBMP-Marine Plan is designed to provide comprehensive and timely circumpolar information on Arctic marine biodiversity to decision makers.
The 2013 report describes the advances that the U.S. expert team has made in the areas of monitoring the Arctic benthos, plankton, sea ice biota, fish, seabird and marine mammals.
Other countries that participate in the plan are Canada, Russia, Greenland-Denmark, Iceland, Faroe Islands, and Norway.
To view the U.S. 2013 Annual Report, please download a PDF by clicking on this link:
ARP Marine Report.pdf
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What is IASOA? - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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What is IASOA?
Jessica Mkitarian
September 5, 2017
Arctic Research Program
What is IASOA?
Summer Series about the Arctic Research Program
In our continuing series to learn more about the Arctic Research Program (ARP) at OOMD, this month’s article is about the International Arctic Systems for Observing the Atmosphere (IASOA). This group coordinates the activities of individual Arctic observatories to provide a collaborative international network for Arctic atmospheric research and operations. Like many of our observing groups, this research includes researchers and scientists from many different institutions across the world. Nations including Norway, Russia, Greenland, Canada, U.S. and Finland support independent observatories that collect the data.
Main goals of IASOA:
• Resource data collection
• Instrumentation
• Scientific findings
ESRL is involved with IASOA by supporting their
website
and shared data collection network for the different participating observatories. ARP also supports IASOA by funding scientists to set up meetings between IASOA members and help support instrumentation; deployment and maintenance costs; and facility leases for Canadian and Russian observatories in partnership with Canadian and Russian governments, Arctic research agencies and academic institutions.
Arctic observatories in IASOA are a collaborative effort in each Arctic nation. Two U.S. observatories that are part of the IASOA consortium are
Barrow, Alaska
and
Oliktok point, Alaska
. These two observatories are a joint effort between U.S. federal agencies. The U.S. Department of Energy pays for the operations of both observatories. The National Science Foundation and NOAA also help to support operation and data collection at these two U.S. observatories. These observatories play a large role in Arctic research and are different from weather stations in that they collect basic meteorological data as well as atmospheric data. Basic weather data is taken at the different observatories including temperature, wind, precipitation, and pressure. Atmospheric data taken includes information about clouds, composition of liquid in the atmosphere, amount of sunlight, and the amount and type of greenhouse gases in the Arctic air. Greenhouse gas measurements as well as black carbon are essential parts of Arctic data collection because of their effect on the atmosphere. While some of the international agencies take other specific measurements, this data is generally the standard for Arctic observatories.
Every Arctic nation is looking for the same answers regarding their environment so the participating nations discuss relative instruments and share data findings. The data collected is used for monitoring and fundamental Arctic climate analysis by the international research community. Participating agencies submit their data findings to IASOA and it is posted to a
data portal
available to the public.
Collecting a wide range of atmospheric data allows Arctic scientists to better understand the composition of the Arctic atmosphere and how it can contribute to a changing Arctic environment. A large advantage with having data from many different geographic areas is that researchers are able to see a full picture of the Arctic environment and can strengthen studies into studying the changing Arctic ecosystems.
Currently, IASOA has ten participating
Arctic observatories
with several more observatories requesting to join the consortium. IASOA is an incredibly collaborative program as it includes six different countries as well as government agencies, private science institutions, and academic institutions from the different nations. IASOA sponsors weekly science meetings with representatives from the participating observatories. Here they share data and findings, as well as scientific expertise and collaboration on publication of research papers. IASOA is a keystone for the mobilization of Arctic research networking to support national and international research.
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Long-term warming and environmental change trends persist in the Arctic in 2013 - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Long-term warming and environmental change trends persist in the Arctic in 2013
Jessica Mkitarian
December 19, 2013
Arctic Research Program
Long-term warming and environmental change trends persist in the Arctic in 2013
NOAA’s annual
Arctic Report Card
, introduced in 2006 by the NOAA Climate Program Office, found that cooler temperatures in the summer of 2013 across the central Arctic Ocean, Greenland and northern Canada moderated the record sea ice loss and extensive melting that the surface of the Greenland ice sheet experienced last year. Yet there continued to be regional extremes, including record low May snow cover in Eurasia and record high summer temperatures in Alaska. The NOAA Climate.gov team produced
visual highlights
for the report.
Temperature anomalies for June-August 2013 compared to the 2007-2012 average. Many areas of the Arctic got a reprieve from the record warm of the past 6 summers. Map by NOAA Climate.gov, based on NCEP Reanalysis data from NOAA’s Earth System Research Laboratory.
Download here
/
Full gallery
(Credit:NOAA)
“The Arctic caught a bit of a break in 2013 from the recent string of record-breaking warmth and ice melt of the last decade,” said David M. Kennedy, NOAA’s deputy under secretary for operations, during a press briefing at the American Geophysical Union annual meeting in San Francisco. “But the relatively cool year in some parts of the Arctic does little to offset the long-term trend of the last 30 years: the Arctic is warming rapidly, becoming greener and experiencing a variety of changes, affecting people, the physical environment, and marine and land ecosystems.”
Kennedy joined other scientists to release the
Arctic Report Card 2013
, which has, since 2006, summarized changing conditions in the Arctic. One hundred forty-seven authors from 14 countries contributed to the peer-reviewed report. Major findings of this year’s report include:
Air temperatures:
While Eurasia had spring air temperatures as much as 7°F above normal, central Alaska experienced its coldest April since 1924 with birch and aspen trees budding the latest (26 May) since observations began in 1972. Summer across a broad swath of the Arctic was cooler than the previous six summers, when there had been pronounced retreat of sea ice. But Fairbanks, just below the Arctic Circle in Alaska, experienced a record 36 days with temperatures at or exceeding 80°F.
Snow cover:
The snow extent in May and June across the Northern Hemisphere (when snow is mainly located over the Arctic) was below average in 2013. The North American snow cover during this period was the fourth lowest on record. A new record low was reached in May over Eurasia.
Sea ice:
Despite a relatively cool summer over the Arctic Ocean, the extent of sea ice in September 2013 was the sixth lowest since observations began in 1979. The seven lowest recorded sea ice extents have occurred in the last seven years.
Age of ice at the end of March 1988 compared to March 2013. Category 1 is first year ice–ice that has survived one summer melt season. In March 2013 at the winter maximum, 78% of the Arctic ice pack was only one year old, while only 7% was old (4+ years), thick ice. Map by NOAA Climate.gov, based on data provided by Mark Tschudi, University of Colorado.
Ocean temperature and salinity:
Sea surface temperatures in August were as much as 7°F higher than the long-term average of 1982-2006 in the Barents and Kara Seas, which can be attributed to an early retreat of sea ice cover and increased solar heating. Twenty-five percent more heat and freshwater is stored in the Beaufort Gyre, a clockwise ocean current circulating north of Alaska and Canada, since the 1970s.
Greenland ice sheet:
During a summer when air temperatures were near the long-term average, melting occurred across as much as 44 percent of the surface of the Greenland ice sheet, close to the long-term average but much smaller than the record 97 percent in 2012.
Vegetation:
The Arctic is greening as vegetation responds to warmer conditions and a longer growing season. Since observations began in 1982, Arctic-wide tundra vegetation productivity (greenness) has increased, with the growing season length increasing by 9 days each decade.
Wildlife:
Large land mammal populations continued trends seen over the last several decades. Muskox numbers have increased since the 1970s, in part due to conservation and introduction efforts, while caribou and reindeer herds continue to have unusually low numbers.
For the first time, scientists also released new information on marine fishes and black carbon.  Highlights:
Marine fishes:
The long-term warming trend, including the loss of sea ice and warming of waters, is believed to be contributing to the northward migration into the Arctic of some fish such as Atlantic mackerel, Atlantic cod, capelin, eelpout, sculpin and salmonids.
Black carbon:
While black carbon (soot) originating from outside the Arctic has decreased by 55 percent since the early 1990s, primarily due to economic collapse in the former Soviet Union, increasing numbers of wildfires fueled by greater amounts of vegetation in a warmer, drier climate, have the potential to increase atmospheric black carbon in the high latitudes.
“The Arctic Report Card presents strong evidence of widespread, sustained changes that are driving the Arctic environmental system into a new state and we can expect to see continued widespread and sustained change in the Arctic,” said Martin Jeffries, principal editor of the 2013 Report Card, science adviser for the U.S. Arctic Research Commission, and research professor at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. “But we risk not seeing those changes if we don’t sustain and add to our current long-term observing capabilities. Observations are fundamental to Arctic environmental awareness, government and private sector operations, scientific research, and the science-informed decision-making required by the U.S. National Strategy for the Arctic.”
In 2006, NOAA’s Climate Program Office introduced the State of the Arctic Report which established a baseline of conditions at the beginning of the 21st century. It is updated annually as the Arctic Report Card to document the often-quickly changing conditions in the Arctic. To view this year’s report, visit
http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/reportcard/
.
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NOAA Joins with Princeton and Other Institutions in Six-Year Study to Help Public Better Understand Southern Ocean - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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NOAA Joins with Princeton and Other Institutions in Six-Year Study to Help Public Better Understand Southern Ocean
Jessica Mkitarian
September 10, 2014
Arctic Research Program
NOAA Joins with Princeton and Other Institutions in Six-Year Study to Help Public Better Understand Southern Ocean
The Southern Ocean that encircles Antarctica lends a considerable hand in keeping Earth’s temperature hospitable by soaking up half of the human-made carbon in the atmosphere and a majority of the planet’s excess heat. Yet, the inner workings — and global importance — of this ocean that accounts for 30 percent of the world’s ocean area remains relatively unknown to scientists, as observations remain hindered by dangerous seas.
Princeton University, NOAA and eight other partner institutions now seek to make the Southern Ocean better known scientifically and publicly through a $21 million program that will create a biogeochemical and physical portrait of the ocean using hundreds of robotic floats deployed around Antarctica and an expanded computational capacity. The Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling program, or SOCCOM, is a six-year initiative headquartered at Princeton and funded by the National Science Foundation’s Division of Polar Programs, with additional support from the NOAA and NASA. The U.S. Argo program, led by CPO’s Steven Piotrowicz, will play a major role in the project.
“The scarcity of observations in the Southern Ocean and inadequacy of earlier models, combined with its importance to the Earth’s carbon and climate systems, means there is tremendous potential for groundbreaking research in this region,” Sarmiento said.
Central to the program are roughly 200 floats outfitted with biogeochemical sensors that will provide almost continuous information related to the ocean’s carbon, nutrient (nitrate, in particular) and oxygen content, both at and deep beneath the surface. The floats are augmented biogeochemical versions of the nearly 4,000 Argo floats deployed worldwide to measure ocean salinity and temperature. SOCCOM marks the first large-scale deployment of these biogeochemical floats.
“These floats are revolutionary and this major new observational initiative will give us unprecedented year-round coverage of biogeochemistry in the Southern Ocean,” Sarmiento said.
The floats will increase the monthly data currently coming out of the Southern Ocean by 10 to 30 times, Sarmiento said. That data will be used to improve recently developed high-resolution earth-system models, which will allow for a better understanding of the Southern Ocean and for better projections of Earth’s climate and biogeochemical trajectory. In keeping with SOCCOM’s knowledge sharing, or “broader impacts,” component, all the information collected will be freely available to the public, researchers and industry.
SOCCOM will provide direct observations to further understand the importance of the Southern Ocean as suggested by models and ocean studies. Aside from carbon and heat uptake, models have indicated that the Southern Ocean delivers nutrients to lower-latitude surface waters that are critical to ocean ecosystems around the world. In addition, the impacts of ocean acidification as levels of carbon dioxide in atmosphere increase are projected to be most severe in the Southern Ocean.
Other than administering the project, Sarmiento and other Princeton researchers will co-lead the modeling and broader impacts components, as well as coordinated data management. Researchers from NOAA’s Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory housed on Princeton’s Forrestal Campus will carry out high-resolution earth-system simulations in support of the modeling effort, which is led by the University of Arizona and includes collaborators from the University of Miami.
The floats will be constructed at the University of Washington with sensors from the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute; NOAA’s Climate Program Office will provide half of the basic Argo floats. Float deployment, observation analysis and data assimilation will be led by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California-San Diego. Climate Central, a non-profit science and journalism organization based in Princeton, will oversee the broader-impacts component. Researchers from Oregon State University and NOAA will develop the floats’ carbon algorithms.
“The SOCCOM effort is the first systematic expansion of the US Argo program into biogeochemistry. The unique subsurface ocean observations from SOCCOM will contribute towards our efforts to observe the global oceans,” said David Legler, director of NOAA’s Climate Observations Division.
In addition, NASA will support a complementary project involving researchers at the University of Maine and Rutgers University that will equip the floats with bio-optical sensors intended to gather data about biological processes in the water column.
This web story was written by Morgan Kelly, science writer for Princeton University, and includes an additional quote from NOAA’s David Legler. To view the original story on Princeton’s website, please click
here.
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Physical Scientist position open in CPO's Arctic Research Program - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Physical Scientist position open in CPO’s Arctic Research Program
Jessica Mkitarian
March 30, 2014
Arctic Research Program
Physical Scientist position open in CPO's Arctic Research Program
NOAA’s Climate Program Office (CPO) has a vacancy for a Physical Scientist to serve as strategic lead for NOAA’s Arctic Research enterprise and Director of CPO’s Arctic Research Program. The individual selected for this position will:
Provide strategic leadership for *NOAA’s* Arctic Research enterprise addressing a changing Arctic.
Provide guidance and mission leadership, management oversight, and direction in overall day-to-day management of NOAA’s Arctic Research Program.
Develop, maintain and/or advance the creation of new productive partnerships within and external to NOAA addressing current research directions, science and implementation plans.
Contribute to or develop a strategic vision and other planning and budget documents and presentations to guide the program.
Propose defend and manage the program budget, administer financial awards, developing Announcements of Opportunities, and monitor project performance; ensure effective timely and economical accomplishments of program objectives.
Represent NOAA, OAR, and CPO at intra-and-inter-agency and international meetings; and attend scientific and programmatic meetings nationally or internationally.
Author scientific and technical papers and posters communicating program progress and achievements to broad audience
This is a ZP-V position (pay band of ~$125K – $157K per year) stationed in Silver Spring, MD.
A more detailed job description, including necessary specialized skills and application instructions, can be found at USAJOBS:
*US Citizens (
https://www.usajobs.gov/
GetJob/ViewDetails/368363900
)
*Federal Employees (
https://www.usajobs.gov/
GetJob/ViewDetails/368364200
)
Pursuant to current government practice the announcement may remain open only until May 8, 2014. This position is open to all U.S. Citizens. The U.S. Department of Commerce is an Equal Opportunity Employer.
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Physics Today publishes article from Arctic Report Card data - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Physics Today publishes article from Arctic Report Card data
Jessica Mkitarian
October 21, 2013
Arctic Research Program
Physics Today publishes article from Arctic Report Card data
Physics Today
has just published the article “The Arctic shifts to a new Normal,” authored by Martin Jeffries, James Overland and Donald Perovich.  This is an outgrowth of the 2012 release of the NOAA Arctic Report Card, a synthesis product supported by the Arctic Research Program of CPO.
Martin Jeffries is an Arctic science advisor at the US Arctic Research Commission in Arlington, Va., and a professor of geophysics at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. James Overland is a research oceanographer at NOAA’s Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory in Seattle, Wash. and an adjunct professor of atmospheric sciences at the University of Washington. Don Perovich is a geophysicist at the U.S. Army’s Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory and an adjunct professor of engineering at Dartmouth College, both in Hanover, N.H.
To view the full article, visit:
http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/magazine/physicstoday/article/66/10/10.1063/PT.3.2147
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Sea Level Atmospheric Pressure Data Crucial for Marine Weather Forecasts, Says New Study - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Sea Level Atmospheric Pressure Data Crucial for Marine Weather Forecasts, Says New Study
Jessica Mkitarian
May 19, 2016
Uncategorized
Sea Level Atmospheric Pressure Data Crucial for Marine Weather Forecasts, Says New Study
A first-ever assessment of
in situ
sea level atmospheric pressure data (SLP) from
NOAA’s Global Drifter Program
and other international partners demonstrates that surface velocity drifters, equipped with barometers and floating mostly on the extra-tropical regions, contribute crucial information for marine weather prediction. An early edition of the study’s report appears online in the
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society.
Partly supported by CPO’s Climate Observation Division, the study highlights the role of SLP drifter data for numerical weather prediction—especially in regions lacking
in situ
measurements. According to the report, SLP data is the most valuable on a per-observation basis for improved weather forecasts when compared to other components of the Global Ocean Observing System.
Researchers used data from observing system experiments and forecast sensitivity observation impact analysis. Their report also
states that improved marine weather forecasting enhances observations of atmospheric air circulation, which influences ocean surface waves, intensifying storms, and Earth’s water cycle. These data are used extensively for climate models, diagnostics, and indexes.
Abstract:
Since 1994 the US Global Drifter Program (GDP) and its international partners cooperating within the Data Buoy Cooperation Panel (DBCP) of WMO-UNESCO have been deploying drifters equipped with barometers primarily in the extra-tropical regions of the world’s oceans in support of operational weather forecasting. To date, the impact of the drifter data isolated from other sources has never been studied. This essay quantifies and discusses the effect and the impact of in situ sea-level atmospheric pressure (SLP) data from the global drifter array on numerical weather prediction using observing system experiments and forecast sensitivity observation impact studies. The in situ drifter SLP observations are extremely valuable to anchor the global surface pressure field and significantly contribute to accurate marine weather forecasts, especially in regions where no other in situ observations are available, like, for example, in the Southern Ocean. Furthermore, the forecast sensitivity observation impact analysis indicates that The SLP drifter data is the most valuable per-observation contributor from the Global Observing System (GOS). All these results give evidence that surface pressure observations of drifting buoys are essential ingredients of the GOS and their quantity, quality and distribution should be preserved as much as possible in order to avoid any analysis and forecast degradations. The barometer upgrade program offered by the GDP, under which GDP funded drifters can be equipped with partner-funded accurate air pressure sensors, is a practical example of how the DBCP collaboration is executed. Interested parties are encouraged to contact the GDP to discuss upgrade opportunities.
Access the full paper:
http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00080.1
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