Assessing Baroclinic Structure and Variability of the Brazil Current - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Assessing Baroclinic Structure and Variability of the Brazil Current
Jessica Mkitarian
June 6, 2016
Uncategorized
Assessing Baroclinic Structure and Variability of the Brazil Current
The Brazil Current plays a key role in water transport into higher latitudes in the South Atlantic Ocean, but several aspects of its baroclinic structure and variability remain unexplained.
A study funded in part by the CPO’s
Climate Observation Division
assessed the baroclinic structure and variability of the Brazilian Current near 22° S, comparing observations from the
High Density XBT Transects Program
and three distinct numerical models with data assimilation. In a paper published in
Ocean Dynamics,
researchers of this study state
that the models present higher transport and less variability than observations, partly because of differences in temperature and ocean dynamics along Brazil’s coast.
Abstract:
The Brazil Current (BC) is the Western Boundary Current of the South Atlantic subtropical gyre, the dominant dynamic feature in the South Atlantic Ocean. The importance of this current lies in that it is the main conduit of subtropical waters to higher latitudes in the South Atlantic Ocean. This study assesses the structure and variability of the BC across the nominal latitude of 22° S using data from the high-density eXpendable BathyThermograph (XBT) AX97 transect and from three numerical ocean models with data assimilation. This XBT transect was implemented in 2004 and represents one of the longer-term monitoring systems of the BC in existence. The goal of this work is to enhance the understanding of the temporal and spatial variability of the ocean dynamics in the southwestern South Atlantic Ocean by using a suite of hydrographic observations and numerical model outputs. In the present work, 37 XBT transect realizations using data collected between 2004 and 2012 are used. Daily outputs covering the same time period are evaluated from Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model with the Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation (HYCOM-NCODA) with a 1/12° horizontal resolution, and GLORYS2V3 and FOAM, both with a 1/4° horizontal resolution. These Ocean Forecasting and Analysis Systems (OFAS) are able to capture the mean observed features in the 22° S region, showing a BC core confined to the west of 39° W and an Intermediate Western Boundary Current between the depths of 200 and 800 m. However, the OFAS tend to overestimate the mean BC baroclinic volume transport across the AX97 reference transect and underestimate its variability. The OFAS show that the coastal region between the coastline and the western edge of the AX97 transect plays an important role in the mean BC total transport, contributing to up to 23 % of its value, and further that this transport is not sampled by the XBT observations with its current sampling strategy. In order to understand the variability of the BC, a statistical classification of the BC is proposed, with the identification of three different events: weak, intermediate, and strong.
Access the paper:
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10236-016-0959-6
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FY2021 Notice of Funding Opportunity - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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FY2021 Notice of Funding Opportunity
Jessica Mkitarian
July 27, 2020
Global Ocean Monitoring and Observation (GOMO)
,
News
FY2021 Notice of Funding Opportunity
On July 21st, NOAA’s
Climate Program Office
announced that its Fiscal Year 2021 grant competitions are open. This year, the Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program is co-funding a competition with the Climate Program Office focused on innovative ocean dataset/product analysis and development for support of the NOAA observing and climate modeling communities.
Competition #5: Innovative Ocean Dataset/Product Analysis and Development for support of the NOAA Observing and Climate Modeling Communities
In FY21, this multi-program competition is soliciting proposals that will increase the usefulness of NOAA observations to the NOAA observing, modeling and/or satellite communities, and/or the broader scientific community by one of the following:
Developing new observation-based (in situ, satellite) ocean synthesis datasets or products (physical and/or biogeochemical) for climate monitoring or modeling applications through applying existing methods or developing new, state-of-art, innovative methods and approaches (e.g. ocean state estimation, data assimilation, and quantification of observational uncertainty).
Evaluating current methods and approaches for ocean observing and modeling, and the ability of observed and modeled data/products to reproduce physical or biogeochemical processes, climate phenomena, or interactions between Earth System components on different timescales. Proposals should examine bias(es) in observed and modeled data/products and advance understanding of the cause(s) for large differences between observed and modeled ocean data/products. Collaborations between the ocean observing and climate modeling community are strongly encouraged for Type 2 proposals.
Please see the
competition information
sheet and visit the
FY2021 Notice of Funding Opportunity
page for more details.
The competition deadlines are as follows:
Letters of intent (LOIs) are due by email to the competition manager by 5:00 p.m. EST, August 17, 2020. Full applications are due by 5:00 p.m. EST, November 30, 2020.
Funding Opportunity Number:
NOAA-OAR-CPO-2021-2006389
Non-Federal applicants:
should apply through Grants.gov using the requirements listed in the
full NOFO document
and the competition details in the information sheets.
Federal applicants:
please read the application guidance on CPO’s
FY2021 Notice of Funding Opportunity page
. Federal lead investigators who wish to apply to this Announcement of Opportunity must prepare a proposal according to the FFO guidelines and submit the proposal to the Program Manger (via email instead of to Grants.gov). Federal co-investigators must submit a proposal identical to the proposal lead investigator but with personalized budget information. Federal applications should be emailed directly to the Program Manger before the due date.
The Climate Program Office’s solicitation includes 6 competitions to advance understanding and prediction of climate to help Americans plan for and respond to risks and impacts. Details about the competitions, application information, and the names and contact information of relevant Competition Managers are posted on CPO’s
FY2021 Notice of Funding Opportunity page
.
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Dr. Sid Thurston to Help Coordinate WMO Ocean Observations - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Dr. Sid Thurston to Help Coordinate WMO Ocean Observations
Jessica Mkitarian
April 1, 2020
Global Ocean Monitoring and Observation (GOMO)
,
News
Dr. Sid Thurston to Help Coordinate WMO Ocean Observations
GOMO Program Manager, Dr. Sid Thurston was selected as Vice-Chair for Oceans of the newly established
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Infrastructure Commission (INFCOM) Standing Committee on Earth Observing Systems and Monitoring Networks (SC-ON)
. This WMO Standing Committee will focus on the normative work and technical systems required to achieve Objective 2.1 of the WMO Strategic Plan: “{to} Optimize the acquisition of Earth system observation data through the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS)”, in particular as concerns network design through tiered approach and performance monitoring.
To achieve this task, Dr. Thurston brings twenty years of experience in managing NOAA’s global in-situ ocean observations. GOMO began under the auspices of OAR’s Office of Global Programs (OGP) and now contributes over 50% of the world’s in-situ ocean observations including Argo, GO-SHIP, Global Drifter Program and the Global Tropical Moored Buoy Array.
During this time, Dr. Thurston has also been contributing to the WMO/IOC Joint Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM) Data Buoy Cooperation Panel (DBCP). Here he has been a staunch advocate of applying ocean observing data for social and economic benefits and to empower developing Nations to help mitigate severe environmental impacts. To achieve this, he established a DBCP Task Team for Capacity Building in 2007 and has organized over thirty workshops across the Indo-Pacific Region to deliver expert training for over 1,000 participants. This year he contributed to the UN Ocean Decade Stakeholder Workshops on Chennai India and Nairobi Kenya by co-convening Working Group 3 for “A Predicted Ocean.”
Dr. Thurston is eager to bring his NOAA and international experience and skill set to the objectives of the new WMO INFCOM Standing Committee on Earth Observing Systems and Monitoring Networks (SC-ON).
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Past Events Archives - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Scientific discoveries and program achievements for the advancement of global ocean monitoring and observing.
Image Credit: Ivan Bandura, Unsplash
GOMO Supports Successful International World Ocean Day Celebration
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Read More »
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The Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program hosted its inaugural Program Review on July 11-14, 2022 in Silver Spring and virtually. Program reviews are conducted every five years to evaluate the quality, relevance, and performance of research conducted in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR). With 25
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GOMO at the AGU Fall Meeting 2020
GOMO at the AGU Fall Meeting 2020 The American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting will take place virtually this year from December 1-17. GOMO Program Manager, Emily Smith, and Knauss Fellows Cheyenne Stienbarger and Ann-Christine Zinkann will be leading sessions below. GOMO’s 2020 Hollings Scholar Amanda O’Shaughnessy will be presenting a poster of her research on sea level planning, and
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November 25, 2020
15th Annual US-Indonesia (NOAA-BMKG) Partnership Workshop a Virtual Success
15th Annual US-Indonesia (NOAA-BMKG) Partnership Workshop a Virtual Success The 15th Annual US-Indonesia Partnership Workshop was held from September 9-11, 2020. This annual workshop brings together NOAA and BMKG colleagues for a series of ocean observing capacity building workshops led by NOAA scientists. The workshop was originally planned to take place in Lake Toba, Indonesia. Instead,
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October 16, 2020
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NOAA Research Celebrates World Ocean Day Exploring Ocean Data - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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NOAA Research Celebrates World Ocean Day Exploring Ocean Data
Jessica Mkitarian
July 8, 2020
Global Ocean Monitoring and Observation (GOMO)
,
News
NOAA Research Celebrates World Ocean Day Exploring Ocean Data
World Ocean Day is celebrated every year on June 8th. This year, NOAA Research is celebrating all month long and highlighting ocean observing and monitoring tools on social media during the week of June 8th. Follow along with the hashtags #WorldOceanMonth or #30DaysofOcean on Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter from @NOAAResearch! To dig a little deeper, we asked NOAA scientists how their data is impacting science, society, and the environment. Check out the article that describes
four key ways NOAA uses ocean data
using tools such as Argo floats, drifting buoys, and hurricane gliders.
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Argo Floats in the Atlantic to Boost Weather and Climate Research - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Argo Floats in the Atlantic to Boost Weather and Climate Research
Jessica Mkitarian
December 15, 2021
News
NOAA & partners team with low-carbon sailing vessel for major deployment
(NOAA.gov –
read the full release
)
NOAA and partners have joined together to launch approximately 100 new
Argo floats
across the Atlantic ocean to collect data that supports ocean, weather and climate research and prediction. These will bolster the
international Argo Program
, which maintains a global array of about 3,800 floats that measure pressure, temperature and salinity of the upper 2,000 meters (1.2 miles) of the ocean.
The French sailing vessel Iris arrived in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, this week after deploying the initial batch of 17 Argo floats across the Atlantic. While in Woods Hole, the S/V Iris crew will pick up the remaining floats for the second leg of the voyage in the South Atlantic, towards the island of St. Helena, off the coast of Namibia. The mission is one of the largest Argo float deployments in the Atlantic and is expected to last almost 100 days at sea, filling in crucial observing gaps.
This low-carbon research mission using an 82-foot sailing vessel was made possible through a new partnership between the private oceanographic company
Blue Observer
and international
Argo Program
partners from
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
,
NOAA
,
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
and
Europe
.
“Coming at a moment when we need meaningful action to tackle the climate crisis, this low carbon emission research mission sets a strong example for future ocean observing research,” said NOAA Administrator Rick Spinrad, Ph.D. “This voyage is a model of global public-private partnership that is helping us improve data that drive life-saving weather and climate forecasts.”
Read the full press release.
NOAA supports the Argo Program through the Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program and is one of several
U.S. Argo partners
.
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GOMO Releases New Strategic Plan - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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GOMO Releases New Strategic Plan
Jessica Mkitarian
December 1, 2021
News
GOMO Releases New Strategic Plan
Fiscal Years 2021-2025
The Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing (GOMO) Program is pleased to share our Strategic Plan for Fiscal Years 2021-2025. This plan will prepare GOMO to improve global ocean knowledge, products, and capabilities that will enable NOAA to better address our responsibilities to the nation in areas of climate, weather, healthy oceans, and resilient coastal communities. We have identified four Strategic Goals that will guide us over the next five years in strengthening the global ocean observing system and the people who contribute to and make up this enterprise. Our thanks to all across NOAA and beyond who contributed ideas and comments during the development of our plan. You can read and download the plan on our dedicated
Strategic Plan webpage.
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Uncategorized Archives - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Scientific discoveries and program achievements for the advancement of global ocean monitoring and observing.
Image Credit: Ivan Bandura, Unsplash
NOAA invests in new tools to measure the ocean
This is a repost of NOAA Research’s original story published October 9, 2019. Four new research projects are giving a boost to NOAA’s ability to measure, track and forecast ocean acidification, warming and other important ocean health indicators. NOAA Research’s Ocean Observing and Monitoring Division has awarded $3 million in funding for projects that will expand the
Read More »
October 9, 2019
Argo Program Achieves Milestone with Two Million Ocean Measurements
This is a repost of NOAA Research’s original story published December 10, 2018 An Argo float recently surfaced in the Atlantic Ocean to transmit temperature and salinity measurements from over a mile deep. This float was made in France and launched by German scientists in 2016, and it is one of thousands in the international Argo
Read More »
December 10, 2018
Leveling the Field – Tips for Inclusive Arctic Field Work
Biogeochemical Floats can be Used to Improve Measurements of Sea-Air CO2 Exchanges, Study Shows “If we can teach statistics, we can teach our researchers how to avoid becoming statistics in the field.” S. Starkweather For early career researchers, the prospect of joining an Arctic research expedition captures the imagination as well as the intellect.  Yet
Read More »
March 6, 2018
Variability and trends in surface seawater pCO2 and CO2 flux in the Pacific Ocean
Variability and trends in surface seawater pCO2 and CO2 flux in the Pacific Ocean Kurishio Extension Observatory mooring. (Credit: NOAA) High-resolution moored time series of sea-air CO2 flux reveal seasonal to decadal variability influences detection of anthropogenic trends, according to CPO-supported paper published in Geophysical Research Letther. This study on partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2)
Read More »
June 16, 2017
A reconstruction of the South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
A reconstruction of the South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation A study published in Geophysical Research Letters shows that observed sea surface temperature could help study variability of the South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and its impacts on climate and extreme weather.  Researchers emphasized the importance of sustaining and combining ocean observing platforms with satellite observations.  This study
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June 1, 2017
NOAA’s Climate Program Office Announces FY18 Federal Funding Opportunities
NOAA’s Climate Program Office Announces FY18 Federal Funding Opportunities NOAA’s Climate Program Office (CPO) supports competitive research through five major Programs: Climate Observations and Monitoring (COM); Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4); Climate Variability and Predictability (CVP); Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections (MAPP); and Climate and Societal Interactions (CSI). Through these programs, CPO is
Read More »
May 26, 2017
Absolute Velocity Estimates from Autonomous Underwater Gliders Equipped with Doppler Current Profilers
Absolute Velocity Estimates from Autonomous Underwater Gliders Equipped with Doppler Current Profilers A study published in the Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology demonstrates the value of glider-based Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP). ADCPs can take measurements with high-resolutions in the deep ocean, making them an efficient tool for sampling large areas in relatively short times. These
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March 7, 2017
Wind Speed Influences Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies in the Tropical North Atlantic
Wind Speed Influences Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies in the Tropical North Atlantic A CPO-funded study found that wind speed variability associated with the Atlantic Meridional Mode contributes to anomalies in sea surface temperatures in the eastern equatorial Atlantic and the Intertropical Convergence Zone region. An early version of the study’s paper was published in the Journal of Climate.  Researchers analyzed
Read More »
August 31, 2016
CPO’s Steve Piotrowicz to Receive NOAA Administrator’s Award
CPO’s Steve Piotrowicz to Receive NOAA Administrator’s Award NOAA Administrator Dr. Kathryn Sullivan announced that Climate Program Office’s Stephen R. Piotrowicz will receive one of the 2016 NOAA Administrator’s Awards for his outstanding management of the US Argo Ocean Observing program. Piotrowicz and other awardees will receive their awards in a November ceremony at the NOAA
Read More »
August 23, 2016
California Current System Could Experience Weak El Niño-Related Impacts, Study Says
California Current System Could Experience Weak El Niño-Related Impacts, Study Says A CPO-funded study published in Geophysical Research Letters concluded that although tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures hit a record high during the 2015-2016 El Niño, impacts to marine ecosystems and primary production are likely to be weak in the California Current System. These impacts are expected
Read More »
August 5, 2016
Satellites and Models Show Cloud Response to Climate Change, Says New Study
Satellites and Models Show Cloud Response to Climate Change, Says New Study A study partly funded by the CPO’s Climate Observation Division found evidence of changes in cloud concentration and height due to climate change between 1983 and 2009. Recently published in Nature Climate Change, a paper of the study says these large-scale cloud changes result in a warming
Read More »
July 26, 2016
NOAA announces $4.5M in funding for new observing technologies for ENSO research and predictions
NOAA announces $4.5M in funding for new observing technologies for ENSO research and predictions NOAA is investing $4.5 million over the next four years in four projects testing technology to enhance Tropical Pacific Ocean observing, which improves understanding of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), its prediction, and how it affects Earth’s weather. Understanding ENSO’s effects has been
Read More »
July 2, 2016
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Announcement of Workshop Series: The Global Biogeochemical-Argo Fleet: Knowledge to Action - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Announcement of Workshop Series: The Global Biogeochemical-Argo Fleet: Knowledge to Action
Jessica Mkitarian
April 23, 2021
News
Announcement of Workshop Series: The Global Biogeochemical-Argo Fleet: Knowledge to Action
May 4, 11, 18, 25 and June 1
A virtual workshop building on the priorities of the
G7 Future of the Seas and Oceans Initiative
will be held to explore the applications of a global data-stream from the Biogeochemical-Argo array in fisheries, carbon budget verification, and environmental forecasting. The impetus for the workshop is the
G7 Future of the Seas and Oceans Initiative
for better ocean observations to ensure sustainable use by future generations.
Recent funding by the US National Science Foundation of a $53 million project, Global Ocean Biogeochemistry Array (
GO-BGC
), to deploy 500 Biogeochemical-Argo profiling floats throughout the world ocean is an important step to better ocean observations. Completion of the planned
BGC-Argo system
will require establishing collaborations with international partners, including those beyond the G7 nations. The workshop will celebrate these initial international commitments and discuss how to ensure that the combined investment meets the priorities of the G7 and international funders and stakeholders. The workshop will prioritize next steps with partners to ensure full implementation of the array and the international collaboration required to sustain the array into the future.
The scientific applications of the Biogeochemical-Argo array are established and growing. However, the implementation of a new and robust biogeochemical data stream has not yet been incorporated in ocean management and forecasting systems. This workshop will explore the possibilities that a robust stream of data (oxygen, pH, nitrate, chlorophyll, plankton biomass, and derived products such as pCO2, dissolved inorganic carbon) could have in ecosystem management and environmental forecasting. In particular, the workshop will focus on connections between the Biogeochemical-Argo array and fisheries, regional carbon budget verification, and environmental forecasting with consideration of the open ocean to coastal system linkages.
The workshop will be held over a series of Tuesdays in May (4, 11, 18, 25) and June (1). The audience for the workshop is global, and to accommodate a global audience, the workshop sessions will be repeated twice each day at 0700 PDT Panel (1400 UTC)  and 1600 PDT (2300 UTC).  Many of the presentations will be prerecorded and available a week before each session starts.
NOAA’s Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program is a co-sponsor of this series under banners of BGC Argo and the G7 Future of the Seas. For further information, please see the workshop website:
https://www.go-bgc.org/event/
k2aworkshop
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Distribution and Prevalence of Harmful Algal Blooms in Arctic Waters - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Distribution and Prevalence of Harmful Algal Blooms in Arctic Waters
Jessica Mkitarian
March 27, 2019
Funded Projects
Distribution and Prevalence of Harmful Algal Blooms in Arctic Waters
Period of Activity: 01 October 2018 – 30 September 2019
Principal Investigator: Donald Anderson, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Project Summary
Many organisms may spread into and flourish in Arctic waters as a result of climate change, but few present such significant threats to human and ecosystem health as harmful algal bloom (HAB) taxa. Of particular concern are the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella, the organism responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), as well as toxic diatoms in the genus Pseudo-nitzschia which cause amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP). Recent measurements have provided irrefutable evidence that these HABs occur in the Chukchi Sea and adjacent waters, and that the potent toxins they produce are already impacting marine mammals, seabirds, and other resources that are critical to subsistence harvesters. These taxa have all been documented in recent plankton samples from the Chukchi Sea, and extraordinarily large concentrations of dormant A. catenella cysts have been measured in the sediments on the Chukchi shelf, representing a seedbed that can support recurrent blooms and further species dispersal into the Arctic. Germination of these cysts is temperature dependent, and warming temperatures will significantly increase the spatial and temporal window during which these blooms can initiate and persist. In light of recent HAB events and climate trends, there is an urgent need to expand our understanding of HABs in the Alaskan Arctic.
The goal of this project is to examine the distribution and prevalence of HAB species in Arctic waters. Sediment and water samples collected during two expeditions in 2018 aboard the US Coast Guard Cutter Healy (HLY1801, August; HLY1803, October-November) revealed a large- scale seedbed of A. catenella cysts located in the Chukchi Sea, as well as a bloom of A. catenella vegetative cells in August 2018. Both toxic and non-toxic diatoms in the genus Pseudo-nitzschia were detected, including species or strains that have yet to be characterized. Over this reporting period, sampling was repeated during the Distributed Biological Observatory (DBO) cruise (HLY1901, July-August 2019). Major findings of this expedition include the observation of an A. catenella bloom concurrent with a bird mortality event, as well as the identification of a secondary cyst seedbed near Barrow Canyon. We are using this information to develop conceptual models of the origin and transport of these organisms in the Chukchi Sea, which will inform assessment of the implications of future warming of Arctic waters, and how this may impact the risk from toxic algae to humans and wildlife in this region.
Documents to Download
Anderson_OOMDProgressReport2019_Slides_final
(PDF)
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Leveling the Field – Tips for Inclusive Arctic Field Work - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Leveling the Field – Tips for Inclusive Arctic Field Work
Jessica Mkitarian
March 6, 2018
Uncategorized
Biogeochemical Floats can be Used to Improve Measurements of Sea-Air CO2 Exchanges, Study Shows
“If we can teach statistics, we can teach our researchers how to avoid becoming statistics in the field.” S. Starkweather
For early career researchers, the prospect of joining an Arctic research expedition captures the imagination as well as the intellect.  Yet even as Arctic field work can deepen our understanding of this unique region and elevate the stature of our work, it can also put researchers at risk.  New studies have shown that female and early career researchers have an elevated risk of negative incidents in remote field settings, including assault, harassment, misconduct, and discrimination, too often at the hands of those in senior positions (Klancy et al. 2014; Nelson et al., 2017).  This is a critical problem that undermines our institutions and the quality of work we are able to collectively achieve.  As in any work setting, an emphasis on diversity of participants and inclusive team practices are viewed as key remedies to these challenges.  We extend that to propose that an emphasis on empowering each participant going into the field with preparatory knowledge and leadership tools is critical.
The growing understanding towards the hidden risks of fieldwork was part of the motivation for an AGU panel that was convened at the 2017 Fall Meeting in New Orleans –
Creating Inclusive and Diverse Field and Lab Environments
.  Our contribution to the panel focused on the specific measures that field team leaders and participants can take to create an inclusive and safe environment for all participants.  To identify actionable practices, we drew from our own decades of personal experiences running field programs in the Arctic, but also from the collective wisdom of many experienced colleagues.  We zeroed in on empowerment as it is a fundamental pre-condition to feeling included and, and it is beneficial to all team members regardless of identity. We provided two different prompts, which these colleagues were invited to answer as suited their experiences:
In my experience, the following aspects of leadership in field work made me feel most empowered…
In order to make every member of my team feel empowered, I follow these practices…
Responses were analyzed and organized into 3 areas.
1 – Inclusive practices for preparing a team for fieldwork
Many field team leaders emphasized that inclusive practices begin well before the team deploys.  Starting with one of the most and least obvious approaches:
Choose your team with the goal of inclusion.
Diverse teams are the most effective way to build inclusive and safe environments.  Respondents noted that hard skills, or time spent in the field, should not be a prerequisite for inclusion.  Field skills can be learned.  As we see in the following recommendations…
Proactively prepare expectations about field conditions.
Respondents shared their techniques for actively engaging around topics like comfort, hygiene and privacy through sharing photos of field conditions or providing links to
Polar Field Services
offer a host of trainings from basic field skills like setting up tents, to more site-specific skills like snow machine training, wilderness medicine, and crevasse travel. Programs like
Girls on Ice
go even further, providing immersion opportunities in wilderness leadership that empower unrepresented participants.  Hands on training gives everyone an opportunity to learn essential skills for success and feel “ready to go.”  Access to explicitly documented training material leads to greater self-sufficiency, flattening out the power structure for sharing the knowledge you need.
Establish codes/norms early, get buy in reinforce continuously.
Field camps have cultural norms all their own that can take time to catch up to if you have never experienced them.  There are norms around autonomy and cooperation, privacy and disruptiveness, sharing and conserving.  An experienced mentor can help a newcomer make these hidden norms more visible.
Additionally, it is important for each field team and field location to have clearly stated codes of conduct, rather than implicit codes that are learned the hard way.  More research stations, like Toolik Field Station in Alaska, are requiring new arrivals to read,
US National Science Foundation
) and professional organizations like
AGU
are similarly articulating policies and codes that guide conduct in a broader range of settings than just field locations.  These tools empower anyone on a team to recognize when lines are crossed.
It is also important to be cognizant of any power dynamics that might manifest in your field team and for leaders to have a game plan for response.
2 – Implement inclusive tasking and routines in the field
Nearly every respondent shared that inclusive field settings start with giving every participant a share of ownership in the work that is happening around them.  Leaders should strive to:
Enable individual responsibility for tasks.
Create opportunities for individuals to be responsible for important tasks.  Set them up for success through assuring they understand their tasks and have the tools to complete it.  Be conscious that you aren’t genderizing the tasks.
Proactively give everyone a voice during preparatory work and execution.
Give everyone a voice in the planning and execution.  Sometimes that means seeking out team members one-on-one to discuss potentially uncomfortable topics.  It especially important is to give everyone a voice during the inevitable change of plans that goes along with field work, which can be disconcerting to newcomers.
De-emphasize hierarchies.
This applies to both tasking and break time.  Working side by side with your field leader is as inspirational as sharing a meal with a distinguished scientist.  Equalizing the grunt tasks across all team members is a great strategy.  At Summit Station, each visitor, no matter how famous or important, has to take their turn doing the dishes and cleaning the toilets.
Which brings us to our final topic.
3 – Adopt an inclusive leadership style
No discussion of inclusivity and empowerment would be complete without considering the role of leaders in fostering an inclusive climate.  Returning to the obvious again, diversity of leadership is an important condition for an inclusive setting.  Yet as one respondent pointed out, “There are opportunities for leadership at all levels.”  Remember that newcomers look to their leaders for norms, so it is essential that leaders:
Foster mutual respect as a core cultural value for the team.
This respect extends beyond identities and into the various roles people play in field settings: from cargo loader to chief scientist, newbie to veteran, all roles have dignity, contribute to the outcome, and must be respected.
In Arctic science, we frequently hear our colleagues from Indigenous organizations emphasize the need for respect for those who have always called the Arctic home.  Visiting researchers must show respect for their homelands and their indigenous knowledge.  This practice is best reflected in highly engaged and collaborative exchanges.
It is further critical that leaders:
Be responsive (!) to misconduct issues, even suspected ones.
An important point spelled carefully out in the Signaling Safety study (Nelson et al., 2017), is that there must be a responsiveness to and consequences for harassment and misconduct.  If something comes to your attention – even if it sounds minor – as leader it is your responsibility to check it out.  Ask questions, be curious, especially be open to things you don’t identify with.
Finally,
Maintain a positive attitude.
As a field team leader, you set the tone.  Those around you, especially newcomers, look to you for guidance.  They will learn from your norms.
Strive to keep morale high, avoid and discourage gossip, and don’t play favorites.
The field is a place that should be characterized by the wonders of discovery, the joys of collegiality, and the satisfaction of accomplishment.  It promises to be an ever-richer and more innovative space as more participants feel included and are able to offer their full talents.    We hope that these inputs from remarkable leaders in Arctic field work provide a valuable starting point for further dialog.  We welcome the opportunity to advance this dialog and are excited to be a part of the first lunchtime gathering celebrating contributions of Women in Polar Science at the Polar2018 meeting in Davos.
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U.S.-Indonesia Collaboration on Ocean-Climate Observation - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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U.S.-Indonesia Collaboration on Ocean-Climate Observation
Jessica Mkitarian
April 17, 2015
Uncategorized
U.S.-Indonesia Collaboration on Ocean-Climate Observation
An international research cruise, partially funded by NOAA’s Climate Program Office, celebrated its imminent launch at an event in Indonesia on April 17.
The event celebrated the imminent launch of the Indonesian research vessel Baruna Jaya I on a joint research cruise to install and maintain oceanographic research buoys as part of an ongoing, cooperative U.S.-Indonesian effort to help improve weather and climate forecasting in the Indian Ocean.
Indonesian officials expressed appreciation for U.S. support through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for their Indonesian Program Initiative on Maritime Observation and Analysis (InaPRIMA), stressing the importance of the collaboration for improving meteorological data locally and globally, given linkages to climate change and extreme weather prediction.
This particular cruise, which includes over two dozen Indonesian scientists and researchers, and two technicians from NOAA’s Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, is dedicated to the recovery of three and deployment of five deep-water ocean moorings as part of the Research Moored Array for African-Asian-Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction (RAMA). RAMA is a multi-national effort to improve our understanding of the African-Asian-Australian monsoon system and its far field impacts. It complements a number of other moored arrays in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
To learn more, visit:
http://jakarta.usembassy.gov/news/embnews_150417en.html
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Deep Argo Floats Deployed in Pacific - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Deep Argo Floats Deployed in Pacific
Jessica Mkitarian
July 1, 2014
Uncategorized
Deep Argo Floats Deployed in Pacific
Steve Piotrowicz, program manager at CPO’s Office of Climate Observation joined the crew of the R/V Tangaroa in mid-June for a Deep Argo Development cruise. The
R/V Tangaroa,
operated by New Zealand’s National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research sailed from Wellington, New Zealand on June 16, 2014.
The R/V Tangaroa, operated by New Zealand’s National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
The primary objectives of the cruise were (1) to deploy two prototype Deep Argo (6,000 meter plus) floats  and (2) undertake deep (~5500m) CTD casts for sensor testing and development.  In addition, 6 SOLO2 Argo (2,000 meter) floats were deployed in transit, finally, to make a “virtual field trip” for school uptake.  The SOLO2 floats and the Deep Argo floats were provided by Scripps Institution of Oceanography as part of NOAA’s Argo Program.
The ship proceeded to an abyssal plain east of Kermadec Ridge (>5500 m deep) to deploy the prototype Deep Argo floats. The balance of the voyage was to use the shipboard CTD to collect calibration data and to test new sensors.
The two Deep Argo floats were deployed several days apart to enable analysis and evaluation of the first float before deploying the second.  The floats each performed a series of test dives from 150 meters to 4,000 meters and then 5,000 meters.  The floats are presently both operating to 5,500 meters and the first profile to 5,500 meters was good.  It takes 24-36 hours for a float to complete a decent-ascent cycle.
The Deep floats are now going to conduct full profiles every three days for year.  The floats will be recovered after one year to evaluate technology and a larger array of instruments will be deployed in the same region.  Those floats will be operated such that they can endure for four years.  Energy consumption and operational considerations for the pumping systems dictate that each profile will have different sampling intervals throughout the cast – high resolution near the surface and low resolution at depth.
The cruise ended on June 25, 2014 in Auckland,  New Zealand.
Preliminary results of the extensive CTD cast program indicate that the data appear to be of very to be of very high quality, with good agreement throughout the voyage from the paired sensors.  The initial expectations for the Deep Argo sensor (SBE-61) were to deliver SBE-61 temperature within 2milli-degrees Kelvin, salinity within 0.005psu and pressure within 5 dbars.  First differences of the raw data suggest they are within 1millidegree K, 0.006psu, and 4 dbars.  These estimated accuracies still have to undergo additional quality control tests.
The product of the “virtual field trip” are available at: http://rata.learnz.org.nz/summary.php?vft=argofloats142
Finally, the crew of the
Tangaroa
performed exceptionally well; in particular in deploying the floats and conducting the CTD casts which were, basically, being done continuously while on stations except for when floats were being deployed.
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NOAA's Climate Program Office (CPO) is announcing the Federal Funding Opportunity for Fiscal Year 2015 - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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NOAA’s Climate Program Office (CPO) is announcing the Federal Funding Opportunity for Fiscal Year 2015
Jessica Mkitarian
July 22, 2014
Uncategorized
NOAA's Climate Program Office (CPO) is announcing the Federal Funding Opportunity for Fiscal Year 2015
NOAA’s Climate Program Office (CPO) is announcing the
Federal Funding Opportunity for Fiscal Year 2015
. Pending final budget appropriations, CPO expects approximately $15.5 million will be available through the announcement, and anticipates nearly 100 new awards between $50,000 to $200,000 each, with multi-year RISA awards ranging from $600,000 to $700,000 per year.
CPO supports competitive research through four major programs: Climate Observations and Monitoring (COM); Earth System Science (ESS); Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections (MAPP); and Climate and Societal Interactions (CSI). Through this Announcement, CPO’s programs are seeking applications for 10 specified competitions in FY 2015.
This year’s competitions continue critical ongoing activities in climate science and services, such as providing leadership on decision support research and assessments, as well as modeling and atmospheric composition. In FY15, CPO is also offering two separate competitions focused on the Arctic, which marks a new emphasis on collaboration between scientific disciplines.
LOI Deadlines
Letters of Intent for all competitions except for the COM and CVP opportunities below should be entered into the LOI Portal by
5 p.m. Eastern Time, August 10, 2014
.
COM – Arctic Research Program for 2015-2020 and CVP –
Understanding Arctic Sea Ice Mechanisms
and
Predictability competitions
are due by 5:00 p.m. Eastern, Aug. 15, 2014
.
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2021 Arctic Report Card Released - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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2021 Arctic Report Card Released
Jessica Mkitarian
December 15, 2021
News
2021 Arctic Report Card Released
Climate change transforming Arctic into ‘dramatically different state’
On December 14, the
2021 Arctic Report Card
was released at a virtual press conference hosted by the American Geophysical Union (AGU) as part of its Fall Meeting. Now in its sixteenth year, the Arctic Report Card continues to show how rapid and pronounced warming continues to drive the evolution of the Arctic environment. This report catalogs the numerous ways that climate change continues to disrupt the polar north, with this year ranking as the seventh warmest on record, in addition to a continuing trend of loss of snow, diminishing winter ice cover, and drastic melt events on Greenland.
“The Arctic Report Card continues to show how the impacts of human-caused climate change are propelling the Arctic region into a dramatically different state than it was in just a few decades ago,” said NOAA Administrator Rick Spinrad, Ph.D. “The trends are alarming and undeniable. We face a decisive moment. We must take action to confront the climate crisis.”
Spinrad provided opening remarks to the press conference, and authors Lawrence Mudryk, Gabe Wolken, Kaare Sikuaq Erickson, and lead editor Twila Moon presented key findings. The press conference generated strong coverage, with articles up within hours of the release on the Washington Post, Associated Press, Reuters, CNN, and Los Angeles Times, among others.
The Arctic Report Card is an annual report of original, peer-reviewed environmental observations and analyses of a region undergoing rapid and dramatic alterations to weather, climate, and oceanic, and land conditions. Compiled by 111 scientists from 12 nations, the 2021 Report Card tracks environmental indicators to inform decisions by local, state, and federal leaders confronting a rapidly changing climate and ecosystems. This year’s Report also highlights how COVID-19 has impacted food access for Alaska Natives.
Learn more about the
2021 Arctic Report Card
:
Read highlights in the
NOAA press release
Watch the video
summarizing the report’s findings
See image and graphic highlight
s from Climate.gov
Download the
full report
Watch the recorded
press conference video
The Arctic Report Card is funded and coordinated by the Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing (GOMO) Program, Arctic Research Program. The website and video production are managed by the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, graphics and web stories are created by the Climate Program Office (CPO) through climate.gov, and NOAA Communications coordinates the rollout and press for the Report Card. Ben DeAngelo (CPO) serves as the NOAA Federal Advisor and Kelley Uhlig (GOMO) serves as the Coordinating Editor.
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Applications Open for Dissertation Symposiums in Physical & Chemical Oceanography - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Applications Open for Dissertation Symposiums in Physical & Chemical Oceanography
Jessica Mkitarian
April 6, 2022
News
Applications Open for Dissertation Symposiums in Physical & Chemical Oceanography
DISCO & PODS: Due April 22, 2022
Application Deadline: April 22, 2022
The Physical Oceanography Dissertations Symposium (
PODS
) XII and the Dissertations Symposium in Chemical Oceanography (
DISCO
) XXVIII meetings will be held in Kailua-Kona, Hawai‘i from October 16-20, 2022. These symposium provides recent graduates, or soon to graduate, PhD-level oceanographers in the field of physical and chemical oceanography with an opportunity to present their dissertation research in front of their professional peers and to forge professional relationships that will facilitate their future research and academic careers. As for several of the previous meetings, PODS XII and DISCO XXVIII will run concurrently.
Applications are being accepted from individuals who received their PhD after June 30, 2021 or will complete their degree before July 1, 2023. Participation is by invitation only, with participants’ travel and on-site expenses supported by the meeting sponsors. The deadline to apply is April 22, 2022. The meeting is sponsored by NSF and NOAA, and coordinated by the University of Hawai‘i. Flyers with more information are available for download below.
To apply for DISCO XXVIII:
www.soest.hawaii.edu/disco/
DISCO_symposium/disco_
application.htm
To apply for PODS XII:
http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/
PODS/PODS_symposium/pods_
application.htm
For any questions, you may email
pods@soest.hawaii.edu
or
disco@soest.hawaii.edu
or GOMO Program Manager Kathy Tedesco:
kathy.tedesco@noaa.gov
.
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Absolute Velocity Estimates from Autonomous Underwater Gliders Equipped with Doppler Current Profilers - Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing

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Absolute Velocity Estimates from Autonomous Underwater Gliders Equipped with Doppler Current Profilers
Jessica Mkitarian
March 7, 2017
Uncategorized
Absolute Velocity Estimates from Autonomous Underwater Gliders Equipped with Doppler Current Profilers
A study published in the
Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology
demonstrates the value of glider-based Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP).
ADCPs can take measurements with high-resolutions in the deep ocean, making them an efficient tool for sampling large areas in relatively short times. These profilers measure ocean currents following the premise of the Doppler effect, emitting high-frequency pulses of sound that bounce off moving particles in the water.
As underwater gliders are increasingly used in oceanography research, glider-based ADCPs are expected to become more common. Researchers of this study stated the techniques they described can be used with various types of gliders.
Efficiently measuring ocean currents helps determine important ocean dynamics. For example, in the warm Gulf Stream, current movement means heat transport contributing to global climate change.
This study was supported by the
Ocean Observing and Monitoring Division
.
Read the paper
Abstract
Doppler current profilers on autonomous underwater gliders measure water velocity relative to the moving glider over vertical ranges of O(10) m. Measurements obtained with 1-MHz Nortek acoustic Doppler dual current profilers (AD2CPs) on Spray gliders deployed off Southern California, west of the Galápagos Archipelago, and in the Gulf Stream are used to demonstrate methods of estimating absolute horizontal velocities in the upper 1000 m of the ocean. Relative velocity measurements nearest to a glider are used to infer dive-dependent flight parameters, which are then used to correct estimates of absolute vertically averaged currents to account for the accumulation of biofouling during months-long glider missions. The inverse method for combining Doppler profiler measurements of relative velocity with absolute references to estimate profiles of absolute horizontal velocity is reviewed and expanded to include additional constraints on the velocity solutions. Errors arising from both instrumental bias and decreased abundance of acoustic scatterers at depth are considered. Though demonstrated with measurements from a particular combination of platform and instrument, these techniques should be applicable to other combinations of gliders and Doppler current profilers.
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